Codeine L.C.M. (Codeine Phosphate)

Codeine L.C.M. acts on the opioid receptors in the brain to manage pain and suppress coughs. It is indicated for the following conditions:

• Mild to moderate pain: Provides relief from acute pain that cannot be managed by other pain medications such as paracetamol or ibuprofen.
• Cough suppression: Used to relieve non-productive coughs in adults and children over 12 years of age.
• Diarrhea: Provides symptomatic relief of diarrhea after an insufficient clinical response to loperamide in adults.

• Codeine phosphate works by binding to the µ-opioid receptors in the central nervous system. This binding reduces the perception of pain and suppresses the cough reflex, providing analgesic and antitussive effects. The drug is metabolized in the liver, where it is converted into morphine, which contributes to its analgesic properties.

Codeine L.C.M. may cause several side effects, ranging from common to serious or rare. Common Side Effects:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Dizziness and drowsiness
• Constipation
• Dry mouth
• Headache
• Itching or rash

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Respiratory depression
• Severe allergic reactions
• Confusion and hallucinations
• Physical dependency and addiction
• Circulatory depression, which can be life-threatening in rare cases.

Codeine L.C.M. should be used with caution and under medical supervision. Important precautions include:

• Avoid alcohol: Consuming alcohol while taking codeine can increase the risk of severe side effects.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Codeine passes through the placenta and into breast milk, which may harm the fetus or infant.
• Driving and operating machinery: Codeine can cause drowsiness and dizziness, affecting the ability to drive or operate machinery safely.
• Respiratory conditions: Use with caution in patients with respiratory depression or severe asthma.
• Liver and kidney impairment: Dose adjustments may be necessary for patients with liver or kidney impairment.
• Store below 25°C: Keep in the original pack, protect from moisture.

Codeine L.C.M. can interact with other medications, leading to potentially harmful effects. Major Interactions (Avoid):

• Other opioids: Concurrent use can increase the risk of respiratory depression and overdose.
• Alcohol: Can enhance the sedative effects of codeine, leading to severe drowsiness and respiratory depression.
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Antidepressants: Can enhance the sedative effects of codeine.
• Antihistamines: Can increase the risk of drowsiness and dizziness.
• Sedatives and anxiolytics: Can enhance the sedative effects of codeine, leading to excessive drowsiness.