Glucophage Xr (Metformin Hydrochloride)

Glucophage XR is indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.

• As an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control.
• In combination with other oral antidiabetic agents when monotherapy is insufficient.
• For patients who benefit from once‑daily dosing due to the extended‑release formulation.
• To reduce hepatic glucose production and increase peripheral insulin sensitivity.
• For patients with stable renal function where metformin is appropriate.
• To help maintain target HbA1c levels as part of a comprehensive diabetes plan.

The safety profile of Glucophage XR includes both common and less frequent adverse reactions that may occur during treatment.

Common

• Gastrointestinal upset such as nausea, abdominal discomfort, or diarrhea.
• Metallic taste in the mouth.
• Decreased appetite.
• Mild headache.

Serious

• Lactic acidosis, a rare but potentially life‑threatening condition.
• Severe skin reactions such as Stevens‑Johnson syndrome.
• Significant vitamin B12 deficiency with long‑term use.

Before prescribing Glucophage XR, clinicians should evaluate several precautionary factors to ensure safe use.

• Assess renal function; metformin is contraindicated in severe renal impairment.
• Review hepatic function, as liver disease may increase risk of lactic acidosis.
• Consider age; older adults may have altered drug clearance.
• Evaluate for conditions that predispose to hypoxia, such as heart failure or recent myocardial infarction.
• Monitor vitamin B12 levels during prolonged therapy.
• Avoid use in patients with a history of alcohol abuse.

Glucophage XR can interact with other medicines, affecting its efficacy or safety profile.

Avoid

• Concurrent use with iodinated contrast agents without appropriate discontinuation.
• Co‑administration with other biguanides.
• Use with drugs that may impair renal function, such as NSAIDs, may increase risk.

Use with caution

• Combination with sulfonylureas may increase risk of hypoglycemia.
• Concomitant use of diuretics may affect renal clearance.
• Alcohol intake can potentiate lactic acidosis risk.
• Thyroid hormones may alter glucose metabolism.