Ibuaristo Akut (Ibuprofen)

Ibuprofen acts systemically to reduce pain, fever and inflammation through cyclo‑oxygenase inhibition.

• Mild to moderate pain: provides analgesic relief for headaches, dental pain, musculoskeletal aches, and postoperative discomfort.
• Fever: lowers elevated body temperature associated with infections or inflammatory states.
• Inflammatory conditions: diminishes swelling and discomfort in arthritis, sprains and other inflammatory disorders.

• Ibuprofen non‑selectively inhibits cyclo‑oxygenase‑1 (COX‑1) and cyclo‑oxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) enzymes, decreasing the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Reduced prostaglandin synthesis leads to lowered inflammation, pain signaling, and fever generation at peripheral and central sites.

Adverse reactions may range from mild to serious and should be monitored during therapy.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal upset: nausea, dyspepsia, or abdominal discomfort.
• Headache: mild to moderate intensity.
• Dizziness or vertigo.
• Skin rash or mild itching.
• Elevated blood pressure in susceptible individuals.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation.
• Peptic ulcer disease.
• Acute renal failure or worsening of chronic kidney disease.
• Severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis or Stevens‑Johnson syndrome.
• Hepatotoxicity with elevated liver enzymes.
• Cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction or stroke, particularly with high‑dose or prolonged use.

Before initiating ibuprofen therapy, consider the following safety measures.

• Assess renal function: avoid use in severe renal impairment.
• Evaluate gastrointestinal risk: use lowest effective dose in patients with a history of ulcers.
• Check for hypersensitivity: discontinue if allergic reactions occur.
• Caution with anticoagulants: monitor for increased bleeding.
• Avoid in the third trimester of pregnancy due to fetal risk.
• Store at room temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Ibuprofen can interact with several drug classes, requiring careful management.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): heightened risk of serious bleeding.
• Other NSAIDs or aspirin: additive gastrointestinal toxicity.
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): increased bleeding tendency.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: may reduce renal perfusion, especially in volume‑depleted patients.
• Diuretics: potential for renal function decline.
• Lithium: ibuprofen can raise serum lithium concentrations, necessitating level monitoring.