Ibuprofen Chefaro Ireland Dac (Ibuprofen)

Ibuprofen acts as an analgesic, antipyretic and anti‑inflammatory agent by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.

• Pain: Provides relief from mild to moderate acute pain such as headache, dental pain, or musculoskeletal discomfort.
• Fever: Lowers elevated body temperature associated with viral or bacterial infections.
• Inflammation: Reduces swelling and stiffness in conditions like sprains, strains, or minor arthritis flares.
• Menstrual discomfort: Alleviates pain and cramps associated with primary dysmenorrhea.

• Ibuprofen exerts its effect by non‑selectively inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX‑1 and COX‑2. This blockade reduces the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes, mediators that sensitize nociceptors, generate fever, and promote inflammation. By limiting prostaglandin synthesis in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system, ibuprofen diminishes the inflammatory cascade and pain signaling pathways.

Ibuprofen may cause a range of adverse reactions, varying from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal discomfort: nausea, dyspepsia, or mild abdominal pain.
• Headache: transient headache episodes.
• Dizziness: light‑headed sensation.
• Rash: mild skin redness or itching.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding: potentially severe stomach or intestinal bleeding.
• Renal impairment: reduced kidney function or acute kidney injury.
• Hepatotoxicity: elevated liver enzymes or liver injury.
• Severe allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, angioedema, or Stevens‑Johnson syndrome.

When using ibuprofen, several safety considerations should be observed to minimize risk.

• Cardiovascular risk: avoid use in patients with uncontrolled hypertension or recent myocardial infarction.
• Gastrointestinal caution: assess history of ulcers or bleeding before initiating therapy.
• Renal function: monitor kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease or dehydration.
• Pregnancy and lactation: consult healthcare professional before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Drug interactions: review concomitant medications for potential NSAID interactions.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25 °C, in the original container, protected from moisture and direct sunlight.

Ibuprofen can interact with several medicines, altering efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): increased risk of serious bleeding.
• High‑dose aspirin: heightened gastrointestinal toxicity.
• Selective COX‑2 inhibitors: additive renal and cardiovascular adverse effects.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: may reduce antihypertensive effect and impair renal function.
• Diuretics: potential for reduced diuretic efficacy and kidney injury.
• Lithium: ibuprofen can raise lithium serum levels, risking toxicity.
• Methotrexate: may decrease renal clearance, increasing toxicity.