Ibuprofen G.L. Pharma (Ibuprofen)

Ibuprofen, an NSAID that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, is used for several common pain and inflammatory conditions.

• Mild to moderate pain: provides analgesic relief for headaches, dental pain, and musculoskeletal discomfort.
• Fever: lowers elevated body temperature associated with infections or other causes.
• Osteoarthritis: helps decrease joint pain and stiffness.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: contributes to control of inflammatory joint symptoms.

• Ibuprofen exerts its effect by non‑selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase‑1 (COX‑1) and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) enzymes, which reduces the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Lower prostaglandin levels diminish inflammation, pain signaling, and fever generation at peripheral and central sites.

Common side effects are generally mild and reversible.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild stomach upset after ingestion.
• Dyspepsia: indigestion or heartburn.
• Headache: transient cranial discomfort.
• Dizziness: occasional light‑headed feeling.
• Rash: mild skin irritation.
• Diarrhoea: loose stools.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal ulcer or bleeding: potentially severe blood loss.
• Renal impairment: reduced kidney function, especially with prolonged use.
• Severe allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, angioedema.
• Hepatic enzyme elevation: possible liver injury.
• Cardiovascular events: increased risk of thrombotic events.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome: rare but life‑threatening skin reaction.

Before using ibuprofen, consider the following safety measures.

• Assess renal function: avoid use in patients with severe kidney disease.
• Avoid in known hypersensitivity: discontinue if allergic reactions occur.
• Use lowest effective dose: limit duration to the shortest period needed.
• Monitor for gastrointestinal bleeding: especially in elderly or those with ulcer history.
• Caution in pregnancy and lactation: only if benefits outweigh risks.
• Store at room temperature: keep in the original pack, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Ibuprofen can interact with several medicines; awareness helps prevent adverse outcomes.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): increased risk of bleeding.
• Lithium: ibuprofen may raise lithium serum concentrations.
• Methotrexate: reduced clearance leading to toxicity.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely):\n- SSRIs (e.g., sertraline): additive risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): may diminish renal perfusion.
• Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone): heightened ulcer risk.