Ibuprofeno Cinfa (Ibuprofen)

Ibuprofen acts on the cyclo‑oxygenase pathway to provide analgesic, antipyretic and anti‑inflammatory effects.

• Mild to moderate pain: provides effective relief of headache, dental, musculoskeletal and postoperative pain.
• Fever: lowers elevated body temperature in acute febrile states.
• Arthritis: reduces joint inflammation and pain associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
• Menstrual cramps: eases dysmenorrhea‑related discomfort.

• Ibuprofen reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase‑1 (COX‑1) and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) enzymes, decreasing the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The reduced prostaglandin synthesis diminishes peripheral sensitisation of nociceptors, lowers the hypothalamic set‑point for temperature, and limits inflammatory exudate formation, resulting in analgesic, antipyretic and anti‑inflammatory actions.

Ibuprofen is generally well tolerated, but adverse reactions can occur.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal upset: nausea, dyspepsia or abdominal discomfort.
• Headache: mild to moderate intensity.
• Dizziness or vertigo.
• Skin rash or mild itching.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration or perforation.
• Acute renal impairment, especially in volume‑depleted patients.
• Severe hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis or Stevens‑Johnson syndrome.
• Hepatotoxicity: elevated liver enzymes or hepatitis.
• Cardiovascular events: increased risk of thrombotic complications in high‑risk individuals.

Before initiating ibuprofen therapy, consider the following safety measures.

• Assess gastrointestinal risk: evaluate history of ulcers, bleeding or chronic NSAID use.
• Monitor renal function: avoid in severe kidney disease or dehydration.
• Avoid in known hypersensitivity: discontinue immediately if allergic signs appear.
• Use the lowest effective dose: limit duration to the shortest period needed for symptom control.
• Pregnancy and lactation: consult a healthcare professional before use.
• Store at room temperature: keep in the original pack, protect from moisture and heat.

Ibuprofen can interact with several drug classes, requiring careful management.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): heightened risk of serious bleeding.
• Concomitant NSAIDs or COX‑2 inhibitors: additive gastrointestinal toxicity.
• High‑dose aspirin: increased risk of renal and gastrointestinal adverse events.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: may reduce renal perfusion, especially in volume‑depleted patients.
• Diuretics: potential for worsening renal function when combined.
• Lithium: ibuprofen can raise serum lithium concentrations, necessitating level monitoring.