Ibuprofeno Farmalider (Ibuprofen)

• Ibuprofen is an NSAID that reduces pain, fever, and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
• Pain: provides analgesic relief for mild to moderate pain such as headache, dental or musculoskeletal discomfort.
• Fever: lowers elevated body temperature associated with infectious or inflammatory conditions.
• Inflammation: diminishes swelling and redness in conditions like arthritis or soft‑tissue injury.

• Ibuprofen exerts its effect by reversibly inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX‑1 and COX‑2. This inhibition blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are mediators of pain, fever and inflammation. By reducing prostaglandin levels, ibuprofen decreases peripheral sensitization of nociceptors and lowers the hypothalamic set‑point for temperature regulation.

Ibuprofen may cause a range of adverse reactions, varying from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal discomfort or dyspepsia
• Nausea or vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Mild skin rash
• Transient increase in blood pressure

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcer perforation
• Acute renal impairment or failure
• Hepatotoxicity
• Anaphylactic or severe allergic reactions
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis
• Cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke

• When using ibuprofen, consider the following precautions to minimize risk.
• Assess renal function: avoid use in severe renal impairment without medical supervision.
• Monitor gastrointestinal health: patients with ulcer disease or history of bleeding should use caution.
• Evaluate cardiovascular risk: use the lowest effective dose in patients with hypertension or heart disease.
• Avoid use in late pregnancy: ibuprofen is contraindicated in the third trimester.
• Check for hypersensitivity: discontinue if signs of allergic reaction appear.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25 °C, in the original container, protected from moisture and light.

Ibuprofen can interact with other medicines, altering their efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): increased bleeding risk.
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): heightened risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
• Lithium: ibuprofen may raise lithium serum levels.
• Methotrexate: reduced renal clearance may increase toxicity.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: may diminish antihypertensive effect and affect renal function.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: possible reduction in diuretic efficacy.
• Beta‑blockers: may blunt antihypertensive response.
• Corticosteroids: additive risk of gastrointestinal ulceration.
• Cyclosporine: increased nephrotoxicity risk.
• Allopurinol: may increase risk of skin reactions.