Inacid (Indometacin)

Indometacin is used to treat inflammatory and painful conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system.

• Rheumatoid arthritis: reduces joint pain, swelling and stiffness.
• Osteoarthritis: alleviates chronic joint discomfort and improves mobility.
• Gout: diminishes acute gouty arthritis pain and inflammation.
• Acute pain: provides short‑term relief of moderate to severe pain.
• Inflammatory disorders: controls inflammation in various rheumatic diseases.

• Indometacin exerts its effect by non‑selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase‑1 and cyclooxygenase‑2 enzymes, which decreases the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The reduced prostaglandin synthesis leads to diminished inflammation, pain signalling and fever responses in affected tissues. It also interferes with leukocyte migration and stabilizes lysosomal membranes, contributing further to its anti‑inflammatory profile. The drug’s rapid absorption from the rectal mucosa ensures systemic availability while minimizing first‑pass hepatic metabolism.

Indometacin may cause a range of adverse reactions, varying from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal discomfort: nausea, dyspepsia or abdominal pain.
• Headache: mild to moderate intensity.
• Dizziness or vertigo.
• Skin rash or mild itching.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding.
• Severe renal impairment or acute kidney injury.
• Anaphylactic or severe allergic reactions.

When using Indometacin suppositories, several precautions should be observed to minimize risks.

• Assess renal function: avoid use in patients with severe kidney disease.
• Monitor hepatic status: caution in those with liver impairment.
• Evaluate gastrointestinal risk: use with caution in patients with ulcer history.
• Avoid concurrent NSAIDs or anticoagulants: increased bleeding risk.
• Pregnancy and lactation: only use if clearly needed after risk‑benefit assessment.
• Store at room temperature: keep in original packaging, protect from moisture and heat.

Indometacin can interact with other medicines, influencing efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): heightened bleeding risk.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: may reduce renal function.
• Lithium: increased lithium levels and toxicity.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: potential for reduced potassium levels.
• Methotrexate: possible increased toxicity.
• Corticosteroids: additive gastrointestinal ulcer risk.