Iohexol Imax (Iohexol)

• Iohexol is an iodinated contrast agent used in diagnostic imaging to improve visualization of vascular and tissue structures.
• Angiography: provides enhanced vessel delineation for accurate assessment of arterial and venous anatomy.
• Computed tomography (CT) imaging: increases contrast between tissues, allowing better detection of lesions and anatomical detail.
• Myelography: improves visualization of the spinal canal and nerve roots during contrast‑enhanced radiographic examinations.
• Urography: enhances delineation of urinary tract structures for functional and anatomical assessment.

• Iohexol is a non‑ionic, water‑soluble iodine‑containing compound that absorbs X‑ray photons, increasing the radiodensity of blood and extracellular fluid. After intravenous, intra‑arterial or intrathecal administration, the iodine atoms scatter X‑rays, creating a temporary contrast between enhanced structures and surrounding tissues, thereby allowing clearer delineation on radiographic, CT or fluoroscopic images. The effect persists for several minutes before the agent is redistributed and eliminated primarily by renal excretion.

Adverse reactions to Iohexol may range from mild, transient symptoms to rare but serious events.

Common Side Effects

• Warm sensation: transient feeling of warmth or flushing.
• Nausea: mild nausea may occur during or after injection.
• Vomiting: occasional vomiting.
• Headache: mild headache.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Anaphylactic reaction: severe allergic response that can be life‑threatening.
• Contrast‑induced nephropathy: acute kidney injury, especially in patients with pre‑existing renal impairment.
• Cardiovascular collapse: sudden drop in blood pressure or cardiac arrest.

• Prior to administering Iohexol, clinicians should observe several precautionary measures to minimize risk.
• Renal function assessment: evaluate baseline kidney function (eGFR) before use.
• Hydration status: ensure adequate patient hydration to reduce risk of contrast‑induced nephropathy.
• Allergy history: screen for previous reactions to iodine‑based contrast media.
• Thyroid disease: consider potential iodine load in patients with hyperthyroidism or thyroid disorders.
• Pregnancy and lactation: use only when clearly indicated, weighing potential fetal or infant exposure.
• Store below 25°C: keep in original container, protect from light and moisture.

Iohexol may interact with certain medicines, influencing safety or efficacy.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Nephrotoxic agents: concurrent use of aminoglycosides, NSAIDs or amphotericin B can increase risk of renal injury.
• Metformin: may need temporary discontinuation in patients with reduced renal function to prevent lactic acidosis.
• Iodine‑containing drugs: amiodarone, thyroid hormone preparations can augment iodine load and affect thyroid function.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: may alter fluid balance and affect contrast clearance.
• Beta‑blockers: can mask early signs of anaphylactoid reactions.
• Radiopharmaceuticals: timing should be coordinated to avoid overlapping imaging studies.