Ivermectin Orifarm (Ivermectin)

Ivermectin is an anthelmintic that targets a range of helminthic diseases.

• Onchocerciasis (river blindness): reduces microfilarial load and prevents disease progression.
• Strongyloidiasis: eradicates intestinal larvae and prevents hyperinfection.
• Scabies: eliminates Sarcoptes scabiei mites, relieving skin lesions.
• Pediculosis (lice infestation): kills head lice and nits, controlling spread.

• Ivermectin binds selectively to glutamate‑gated chloride channels in the membranes of parasites. This binding increases chloride ion influx, causing hyperpolarization of the neuronal and muscular cells, leading to paralysis and death of the parasite without significant effect on mammalian cells.

Ivermectin is generally well tolerated, but adverse reactions can occur.

Common Side Effects

• Dizziness: transient sensation of light‑headedness.
• Nausea: mild to moderate upset stomach.
• Diarrhea: loose stools during treatment.
• Abdominal pain: cramping or discomfort.
• Pruritus: itching at the site of parasite death.
• Headache: mild tension‑type headache.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Severe skin reactions: Stevens‑Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.
• Hepatotoxicity: elevated liver enzymes or jaundice.
• Neurologic toxicity: seizures, ataxia, or altered mental status.
• Anaphylaxis: acute allergic reaction with airway compromise.
• Vision changes: blurred vision or optic neuritis.
• Severe hypotension: sudden drop in blood pressure.

When prescribing Ivermectin, clinicians should consider several safety measures.

• Assess liver function: monitor hepatic enzymes before and during therapy.
• Avoid in patients with known hypersensitivity: discontinue if allergic reaction occurs.
• Use with caution in CNS disorders: patients with epilepsy may be at higher risk of neurotoxicity.
• Review concomitant medications: potential interactions may alter drug levels.
• Pregnancy: limited data, weigh benefits against potential risks.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in original packaging, protect from moisture and light.

Ivermectin may interact with other medicines, requiring careful management.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• P‑glycoprotein inhibitors (e.g., clarithromycin): increase ivermectin plasma concentrations.
• CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines): enhance neurotoxic potential.
• Warfarin: possible increase in anticoagulant effect.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole): modestly raise ivermectin levels.
• Antiepileptics (e.g., carbamazepine): may reduce ivermectin exposure.
• St. John’s Wort: induces metabolism, potentially lowering efficacy.