Jansitin (Sitagliptin)

Jansitin (sitagliptin) is used in the treatment of disorders related to glucose metabolism, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus: improves blood glucose control by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon release.

• Sitagliptin selectively inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 (DPP‑4), which degrades the incretin hormones GLP‑1 and GIP. By preventing this degradation, endogenous GLP‑1 and GIP levels rise, leading to glucose‑dependent enhancement of insulin secretion from pancreatic β‑cells and suppression of glucagon release from α‑cells, thereby lowering post‑prandial and fasting plasma glucose.

Adverse reactions to Jansitin may vary in frequency and severity.

Common Side Effects

• Nasopharyngitis: mild upper‑respiratory tract infection symptoms.
• Headache: transient mild to moderate headache.
• Nausea: occasional feeling of stomach upset.
• Diarrhoea: loose stools, generally self‑limiting.
• Upper respiratory tract infection: cough or sore throat.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Pancreatitis: severe abdominal pain requiring immediate medical attention.
• Severe allergic reactions: rash, angioedema, or anaphylaxis.
• Joint pain: unexplained arthralgia that may be persistent.
• Hepatic injury: elevated liver enzymes or hepatitis.
• Severe hypoglycaemia: especially when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas.

Before initiating Jansitin, several safety considerations should be reviewed.

• Renal function: assess creatinine clearance and adjust if necessary.
• Hepatic impairment: use with caution in patients with liver disease.
• Elderly patients: monitor for hypoglycaemia, especially if on concomitant agents.
• Concomitant insulin or sulfonylureas: increased risk of low blood sugar.
• Pregnancy and lactation: safety not established; avoid unless benefits outweigh risks.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Jansitin may interact with other medicines, requiring attention to the level of interaction.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Insulin: may cause additive hypoglycaemia.
• Sulfonylureas: increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia.
• Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole): may raise sitagliptin exposure.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Rifampin: may reduce sitagliptin plasma concentrations.
• Diuretics: potential alteration of glucose control.
• ACE inhibitors: monitor renal function and electrolytes.