Jazeta Novum (Sitagliptin Phosphate Monohydrate)

Jazeta Novum, a DPP‑4 inhibitor, is used to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus: lowers fasting and post‑prandial blood glucose when combined with diet and exercise.
• Monotherapy for type 2 diabetes: provides glucose reduction as a single oral agent.
• Combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: enhances glycaemic control when added to metformin or other antidiabetic agents.

• Sitagliptin selectively inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 (DPP‑4), which results in increased levels of endogenous incretin hormones (GLP‑1 and GIP). Elevated incretins enhance glucose‑dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β‑cells and suppress glucagon release from α‑cells, thereby improving post‑prandial glucose regulation without causing hypoglycaemia in the absence of other secretagogues.

Adverse reactions reported with sitagliptin are generally mild to moderate.

Common Side Effects

• Nasopharyngitis: mild inflammation of the nasal passages and throat.
• Headache: transient cranial discomfort of varying intensity.
• Upper respiratory tract infection: symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and congestion.
• Diarrhoea: loose, watery stools occurring intermittently.
• Nausea: feeling of unease and urge to vomit.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Pancreatitis: severe abdominal pain with possible vomiting, requiring immediate medical attention.
• Severe allergic reactions: rash, angioedema, or anaphylaxis.
• Joint pain (arthralgia): persistent or worsening musculoskeletal discomfort.
• Bullous pemphigoid: blistering skin disorder that may need specialist care.

Before initiating therapy, clinicians should evaluate patient‑specific factors and monitor for potential risks.

• Renal impairment: assess kidney function; dose adjustment may be required.
• Hepatic impairment: use with caution in patients with liver disease.
• History of pancreatitis: avoid use due to increased risk of recurrence.
• Hypersensitivity: discontinue immediately if signs of allergic reaction appear.
• Concomitant insulin or sulfonylureas: monitor blood glucose closely to prevent hypoglycaemia.
• Store at room temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and excessive heat.

Sitagliptin may interact with other medicines, altering its efficacy or safety profile.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole): may increase sitagliptin exposure.
• Strong CYP2C8 inhibitors (e.g., gemfibrozil): can raise plasma concentrations.
• Insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas): heightened risk of hypoglycaemia.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: may affect glucose homeostasis; monitor blood sugar.
• Warfarin: potential alteration of INR; regular coagulation testing advised.
• Rifampin: may reduce sitagliptin effectiveness by inducing metabolism.