Jazeta (Sitagliptin Hydrochloride)

• Jazeta is a DPP‑4 inhibitor indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, acting on the incretin pathway to improve glycaemic control.
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus: improves fasting and post‑prandial blood glucose levels as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic agents.
• Adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes: can be combined with metformin, sulfonylureas or insulin to achieve target HbA1c.
• Glycaemic control maintenance: helps sustain long‑term glucose regulation when diet and exercise alone are insufficient.

• Sitagliptin selectively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 (DPP‑4) enzyme, preventing the breakdown of incretin hormones GLP‑1 and GIP. Elevated incretin levels enhance glucose‑dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β‑cells and suppress glucagon release from α‑cells, resulting in lower post‑prandial and fasting plasma glucose concentrations.

Common Side Effects

• Nasopharyngitis: mild upper‑respiratory tract infection symptoms.
• Headache: transient mild to moderate headache.
• Gastrointestinal upset: occasional nausea or abdominal discomfort.
• Dizziness: occasional light‑headed sensation.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Pancreatitis: severe abdominal pain requiring immediate medical attention.
• Severe hypersensitivity: rash, angioedema, or anaphylaxis.
• Bullous pemphigoid: rare skin blistering disorder.
• Severe joint pain: unexplained arthralgia that may indicate autoimmune reaction.

Before initiating therapy, clinicians should evaluate patient‑specific factors and monitor for adverse events.

• Renal function: assess baseline creatinine clearance and adjust dose if necessary.
• Hypersensitivity: discontinue immediately if signs of allergic reaction appear.
• Pancreatitis: advise patients to report persistent severe abdominal pain.
• Cardiovascular status: use cautiously in patients with heart failure.
• Pregnancy and lactation: safety not established; avoid unless benefit outweighs risk.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25°C, protect from moisture and light.

Sitagliptin may interact with several concomitant medicines, requiring clinical awareness.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Sulfonylureas or insulin: increased risk of hypoglycaemia when combined.
• Rifampin: may reduce sitagliptin plasma concentrations, lowering efficacy.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: may affect glucose homeostasis, requiring monitoring.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: watch renal function and electrolytes.
• Warfarin: potential alteration of INR, necessitating regular coagulation checks.