Kaloba (Pelargonium Sidoides Root Liquid Extraction Preparation (1 : 8-10), Extraction Solvent: Ethanol 11 %)

Kaloba, containing Pelargonium sidoides extract, is used primarily for conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract.

• Acute bronchitis: may shorten the course of cough, reduce sputum production and improve overall respiratory comfort in both adults and children.
• Common cold: may alleviate cough, nasal congestion, sore throat and general malaise associated with viral upper‑respiratory infections.
• Sinusitis: may facilitate nasal drainage, lessen facial pressure and support recovery from acute sinus inflammation.

• Pelargonium sidoides extract contains a complex mixture of polyphenols, proanthocyanidins and coumarins that modulate the innate immune response. The constituents stimulate macrophage activity, increase production of interferon‑β and other cytokines, and enhance the antimicrobial function of respiratory epithelium, thereby supporting the body’s natural defense against viral and bacterial pathogens in the airways. Additionally, the extract may exhibit mild anti‑inflammatory properties that help reduce airway irritation.

Kaloba may be associated with a range of adverse reactions, most of which are mild and reversible.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal upset: nausea, abdominal discomfort or diarrhoea.
• Altered taste: bitter or metallic sensation in the mouth.
• Headache: mild to moderate intensity.
• Dizziness: transient light‑headedness.
• Skin irritation: mild rash or itching at the site of contact.
• Fatigue: feeling unusually tired.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Severe allergic reaction: anaphylaxis with breathing difficulty, swelling or hives.
• Liver enzyme elevation: signs of hepatic stress such as jaundice.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome: rare severe skin blistering.
• Hemorrhagic events: increased bleeding tendency in patients on anticoagulants.
• Hypotension: marked drop in blood pressure causing faintness.
• Seizures: rare neurologic events.

When considering Kaloba, several precautionary measures should be observed to ensure safe use.

• Pregnancy: avoid use unless clearly indicated by a healthcare professional.
• Breastfeeding: discontinue if infant shows signs of intolerance.
• Children under 2 years: not recommended due to limited safety data.
• Immunocompromised patients: use with caution as immune modulation may be unpredictable.
• Concomitant herbal products: assess for overlapping ingredients to prevent additive effects.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in original container, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Kaloba can interact with other medicines; awareness of potential interactions helps minimise risk.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): increased risk of bleeding.
• Immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine): possible reduction of immunosuppressive efficacy.
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: risk of hypertensive reactions.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Antidiabetic agents: potential for enhanced hypoglycaemia.
• Antihypertensive drugs: additive blood‑pressure‑lowering effect.
• CYP450 substrates: may alter metabolism of certain pharmaceuticals.