Kaman (Paromomycin Sulfate)

Paromomycin Sulfate is used to treat protozoal infections affecting the gastrointestinal tract and systemic disease.

• Amoebiasis: eradicates Entamoeba histolytica and resolves dysentery symptoms.
• Giardiasis: eliminates Giardia lamblia, reducing diarrhea and malabsorption.
• Cryptosporidiosis: clears Cryptosporidium infection, improving stool consistency.
• Visceral leishmaniasis (oral use): contributes to parasite clearance in systemic leishmaniasis.

• Paromomycin Sulfate binds to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and inhibition of protein synthesis. This action impairs the growth of susceptible protozoa and certain bacteria, leading to cell death. The drug’s affinity for the ribosomal RNA of protozoal organisms underlies its antiprotozoal efficacy when administered orally. Because the drug is poorly absorbed from the gut, high concentrations are achieved at the site of intestinal infection, enhancing its therapeutic effect.

Paromomycin Sulfate may cause a range of adverse reactions, most of which are mild and reversible.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild stomach upset.
• Vomiting: occasional emesis.
• Diarrhea: loose stools.
• Abdominal pain: cramping discomfort.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Ototoxicity: hearing loss or ringing.
• Nephrotoxicity: impaired kidney function.
• Severe allergic reaction: rash, swelling, anaphylaxis.

When prescribing Paromomycin Sulfate, clinicians should observe several safety considerations.

• Renal function: assess kidney status before initiating therapy.
• Hearing assessment: monitor for signs of ototoxicity, especially in prolonged use.
• Concomitant nephrotoxic drugs: avoid or adjust dosing when used with other renal‑toxic agents.
• Pregnancy and lactation: use only if potential benefit outweighs risk, due to limited data.
• Pediatric use: dosage must be determined by a qualified healthcare professional.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25 °C, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Paromomycin Sulfate can interact with other medicines, influencing efficacy or toxicity.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Loop diuretics: increase risk of nephrotoxicity.
• Aminoglycoside antibiotics: additive ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects.
• Muscle relaxants (e.g., pancuronium): potentiate neuromuscular blockade.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• NSAIDs: may enhance renal impairment.
• Vancomycin: combined use may increase nephrotoxic potential.
• Antacids containing magnesium or aluminum: may reduce oral absorption.