Ketoprofen Ennogen Pharma (Ketoprofen)

Ketoprofen belongs to the NSAID class and is used to manage conditions involving pain and inflammation.

• Pain relief: reduces moderate to severe pain associated with musculoskeletal injuries.
• Inflammation reduction: decreases swelling and redness in acute inflammatory states.
• Arthritis: alleviates joint pain and stiffness in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.
• Musculoskeletal disorders: improves function and comfort in back pain, tendonitis and sprains.

• Ketoprofen exerts its effect by reversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX‑1 and COX‑2) enzymes, which blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The resulting decrease in prostaglandin synthesis leads to reduced peripheral sensitization, lowering pain perception, inflammation and fever.

Ketoprofen may cause a range of adverse reactions, from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal discomfort: nausea, dyspepsia or abdominal pain.
• Headache: mild to moderate intensity.
• Dizziness or vertigo.
• Skin rash or pruritus.
• Mild elevation of liver enzymes.
• Fluid retention or mild edema.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcer perforation.
• Severe renal impairment or acute kidney injury.
• Hepatic failure or severe hepatitis.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.
• Anaphylactic or severe hypersensitivity reactions.
• Cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke.

Ketoprofen should be used with careful clinical assessment and monitoring.

• Renal function: evaluate kidney status before initiating therapy and monitor periodically.
• Hepatic status: avoid in patients with severe liver disease and monitor liver enzymes.
• Cardiovascular risk: use cautiously in patients with existing heart disease or hypertension.
• Hypersensitivity: discontinue immediately if allergic reactions to ketoprofen or other NSAIDs occur.
• Concomitant anticoagulants: increased risk of bleeding; monitor coagulation parameters.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original packaging, protect from moisture and light.

Ketoprofen can interact with several medicines, altering efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): heightened bleeding risk.
• ACE inhibitors (e.g., enalapril): possible reduction of antihypertensive effect.
• Lithium: increased lithium serum concentrations.
• Methotrexate: reduced clearance leading to toxicity.
• Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide): may impair renal function.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• SSRIs (e.g., sertraline): additive bleeding tendency.
• Corticosteroids: increased risk of gastrointestinal ulceration.
• Beta‑blockers: potential attenuation of blood‑pressure control.
• Other NSAIDs: additive gastrointestinal and renal toxicity.
• Alcohol: enhances gastric irritation and bleeding risk.