Ketorolac Pensa (Ketorolac Trometamol)

Ketorolac Pensa, an NSAID analgesic, is indicated for conditions requiring rapid pain control through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

• Moderate to severe acute pain: provides short‑term relief when opioid therapy is not required.
• Post‑operative pain: reduces pain intensity following surgical procedures.
• Musculoskeletal pain after trauma: alleviates pain associated with injuries requiring injectable therapy.

• Ketorolac trometamol exerts its effect by non‑selectively inhibiting cyclooxygenase‑1 (COX‑1) and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) enzymes, which blocks the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The reduction in prostaglandin synthesis diminishes inflammation, lowers peripheral sensitisation of nociceptors, and consequently provides analgesic and antipyretic actions.

Adverse reactions may occur with any injectable NSAID and vary in frequency and severity.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal discomfort: nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain.
• Headache: mild to moderate intensity.
• Dizziness: transient vertigo or light‑headedness.
• Injection site reactions: pain, erythema, swelling.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Renal impairment: acute kidney injury, especially in dehydrated patients.
• Bleeding: gastrointestinal or intracranial hemorrhage.
• Severe hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, skin rash, or angioedema.

Ketorolac Pensa should be used with careful clinical assessment and monitoring.

• Renal function: assess kidney status before initiation and monitor during therapy.
• Bleeding risk: avoid in patients with active ulcers, coagulopathy, or concurrent anticoagulant therapy.
• Cardiovascular: use cautiously in patients with hypertension, heart failure, or coronary artery disease.
• Pregnancy and lactation: contraindicated or only if benefits outweigh potential risks, as safety data are limited.
• Drug interactions: review concomitant NSAIDs, anticoagulants, and ACE inhibitors before prescribing.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and light.

Ketorolac Pensa can interact with several drug classes, requiring attention to avoid adverse outcomes.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Other NSAIDs: increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration.
• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, DOACs): heightened bleeding tendency.
• SSRIs or SNRIs: potentiated risk of hemorrhage.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: may reduce renal perfusion, especially in volume‑depleted patients.
• Diuretics: combined use can exacerbate nephrotoxicity.
• Lithium: ketorolac may raise serum lithium concentrations, requiring level monitoring.