Ketorolac S.A.L.F. (Ketorolac Trometamol)

Ketorolac Trometamol is an NSAID used for acute pain management in the postoperative setting and other short‑term severe pain conditions.

• Post‑operative pain: provides rapid analgesia after surgical procedures.
• Acute musculoskeletal pain: reduces pain following injury or trauma.
• Short‑term severe pain: offers effective non‑opioid relief for moderate to severe pain when brief therapy is appropriate.

• Ketorolac Trometamol inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX‑1 and COX‑2) enzymes, blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The reduction in prostaglandin synthesis diminishes peripheral sensitisation and inflammatory mediators, leading to decreased pain perception and inflammation at the site of injury.

Ketorolac may cause a range of adverse reactions, from mild to serious.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild to moderate stomach upset.
• Headache: transient discomfort.
• Dizziness: occasional light‑headedness.
• Injection site pain: local irritation.
• Gastrointestinal discomfort: dyspepsia or mild abdominal pain.
• Vomiting: occasional episodes.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal bleeding: potentially life‑threatening hemorrhage.
• Renal impairment: reduced kidney function or acute failure.
• Severe allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, angioedema.
• Cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction or stroke.
• Hematologic abnormalities: thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorders.
• Skin reactions: Stevens‑Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Ketorolac should be used with caution and under professional supervision.

• Renal function assessment: evaluate kidney status before initiation.
• Hypersensitivity screening: avoid in patients with known NSAID allergy.
• Dose minimisation: use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration.
• Bleeding risk monitoring: watch for signs of gastrointestinal or intracranial bleeding.
• Cardiovascular caution: be careful in patients with existing heart disease.
• Store at 2-8°C: keep refrigerated, protect from light, do not freeze or shake.

Ketorolac can interact with several medication classes, requiring attention to avoid adverse outcomes.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): increased risk of bleeding.
• Other NSAIDs: additive gastrointestinal toxicity.
• ACE inhibitors: potential reduction in renal function.
• Lithium: heightened lithium levels and toxicity.
• Methotrexate: reduced clearance leading to toxicity.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: possible renal function changes.
• Corticosteroids: enhanced risk of gastrointestinal ulceration.
• SSRIs: modest increase in bleeding tendency.
• Antihypertensives: may blunt blood pressure control.
• Beta‑blockers: potential for reduced analgesic effect.