Ketorolac Trometamol S.A.L.F. (Ketorolac Trometamol)

Ketorolac Trometamol is an NSAID that reduces pain and inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes. It is indicated for:

• Acute postoperative pain: provides rapid analgesia to reduce the need for additional opioid medication.
• Moderate to severe acute pain: achieves effective pain control within hours of administration.
• Short‑term pain management after surgical procedures: maintains analgesia during the initial postoperative period.

• Ketorolac Trometamol reversibly inhibits both COX‑1 and COX‑2 enzymes, decreasing the synthesis of prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. By limiting prostaglandin production at the site of tissue injury, it reduces peripheral sensitization of nociceptors and provides analgesic and anti‑inflammatory effects.

Ketorolac Trometamol may cause a range of adverse reactions, from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild to moderate gastrointestinal upset.
• Headache: transient discomfort often resolving without intervention.
• Dizziness: occasional light‑headedness after dosing.
• Injection site pain: local discomfort at the intramuscular or intravenous site.
• Diarrhea: loose stools occurring shortly after administration.
• Elevated blood pressure: modest rise in systolic or diastolic values.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal bleeding: severe hemorrhage requiring medical attention.
• Renal impairment: acute kidney injury, especially in patients with pre‑existing renal disease.
• Severe hypersensitivity reactions: anaphylaxis, angioedema, or skin rash.
• Cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction or stroke in high‑risk individuals.
• Hepatic dysfunction: elevated liver enzymes indicating liver injury.

Ketorolac Trometamol should be used with caution in specific clinical situations.

• Renal function: avoid in patients with severe renal impairment or dehydration.
• Cardiovascular risk: use carefully in individuals with a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, or uncontrolled hypertension.
• Gastrointestinal ulcer disease: contraindicated in patients with active peptic ulcer disease or recent gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Concomitant anticoagulants: monitor closely when combined with warfarin, heparin, or other anticoagulants due to increased bleeding risk.
• Pregnancy and lactation: safety not established; avoid unless clearly needed.
• Store below 25°C: keep in the original container, protect from light and moisture.

Ketorolac Trometamol can interact with several drug classes, altering efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Other NSAIDs or aspirin: increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin): heightened bleeding tendency.
• Lithium: may raise serum lithium concentrations.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: potential for reduced renal function.
• Methotrexate: may increase methotrexate toxicity.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: possible reduction in renal clearance.
• Corticosteroids: additive risk of gastrointestinal ulceration.
• SSRIs or SNRIs: modest increase in bleeding risk.
• Cyclosporine: potential for nephrotoxicity.
• Beta‑blockers: may blunt antihypertensive effect.