Kevindol (Ketorolac Trometamol)

Kevindol (ketorolac trometamol) acts on the cyclooxygenase pathway to provide analgesia for acute pain conditions.

• Moderate to severe pain: delivers rapid and effective pain relief when non‑opioid therapy is needed.
• Postoperative pain: reduces pain intensity after surgical procedures, facilitating early mobilization.
• Acute musculoskeletal pain: alleviates pain and inflammation associated with sprains, strains, and soft‑tissue injuries.

• Ketorolac trometamol reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase‑1 and cyclooxygenase‑2 enzymes, leading to decreased synthesis of prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. By limiting prostaglandin production at the site of tissue injury, the drug provides potent analgesic and anti‑inflammatory effects without directly affecting opioid receptors.

Adverse reactions may occur with ketorolac use and are categorized by frequency and severity.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild to moderate stomach upset.
• Headache: transient headache episodes.
• Dizziness: occasional light‑headedness.
• Dyspepsia: indigestion or heartburn.
• Diarrhea: loose stools.
• Elevated blood pressure: mild rise in systolic/diastolic values.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration.
• Acute renal failure or worsening of chronic kidney disease.
• Severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis or Stevens‑Johnson syndrome.
• Cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction or stroke.
• Hepatotoxicity: abnormal liver enzymes or hepatitis.
• Hematologic abnormalities: thrombocytopenia or anemia.

Ketorolac should be used with caution and under medical supervision.

• Renal impairment: avoid or adjust dose in patients with reduced kidney function.
• Gastrointestinal risk: contraindicated in active peptic ulcer disease or history of GI bleeding.
• Cardiovascular disease: use carefully in patients with coronary artery disease or hypertension.
• Concomitant NSAIDs: do not combine with other non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs.
• Elderly patients: monitor closely for adverse events due to increased sensitivity.
• Store below 25°C: keep in the original packaging, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Ketorolac may interact with several drug classes, requiring monitoring or avoidance.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): increased risk of serious bleeding.
• Other NSAIDs or aspirin: additive gastrointestinal toxicity.
• Lithium: heightened lithium serum concentrations.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: potential for reduced renal function.
• Corticosteroids: amplified risk of ulceration and bleeding.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Antihypertensives (e.g., beta‑blockers): possible attenuation of blood‑pressure control.
• Diuretics: may worsen renal insufficiency.
• Methotrexate: reduced clearance leading to toxicity.
• Cyclosporine: increased nephrotoxic potential.
• Oral hypoglycemics: altered glucose control.