Kloramfenikol Dak (Chloramphenicol)

Kloramfenikol Dak is an ocular antibiotic indicated for bacterial infections of the eye surface.

• Bacterial conjunctivitis: reduces bacterial load and accelerates resolution of redness and discharge.
• Bacterial keratitis: helps eradicate pathogenic bacteria and supports corneal healing.
• Post‑operative ocular infection: prevents or treats bacterial contamination after eye surgery.

• Chloramphenicol inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, blocking peptide bond formation. This action halts bacterial growth and leads to a bacteriostatic effect against a broad range of Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative organisms commonly implicated in ocular infections.

Adverse reactions may occur with topical ocular use of chloramphenicol.

Common Side Effects

• Eye irritation: mild burning or stinging on instillation.
• Redness: transient conjunctival hyperemia.
• Itching: localized pruritus.
• Blurred vision: temporary visual disturbance.
• Tearing: increased lacrimation.
• Foreign body sensation: feeling of grit in the eye.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Allergic reaction: swelling, rash, or hives around the eye.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome: severe mucocutaneous eruption.
• Vision loss: sudden decrease in visual acuity.
• Severe eye pain: indicative of deeper infection.
• Systemic toxicity: rare bone‑marrow suppression if absorbed in large amounts.
• Contact dermatitis: skin inflammation around the peri‑ocular area.

Use chloramphenicol eye drops with caution and follow medical guidance.

• Hypersensitivity: avoid if patient has known allergy to chloramphenicol or other amphenicols.
• Corneal ulcer: do not use in active corneal ulcer without physician supervision.
• Prolonged therapy: limit duration to prescribed period to reduce resistance risk.
• Systemic absorption: monitor for signs of bone‑marrow suppression in extensive use.
• Pregnancy and lactation: prescribe only if benefit outweighs potential risk.
• Store at room temperature: keep in original container, protect from moisture and light.

Chloramphenicol may interact with other medicines; some require avoidance, others monitoring.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Warfarin: may enhance anticoagulant effect, increasing bleeding risk.
• Carbamazepine: can increase risk of bone‑marrow suppression.
• Phenytoin: may potentiate hematologic toxicity.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Other topical antibiotics: assess for additive ocular irritation.
• Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory eye drops: monitor for increased inflammation.
• Oral contraceptives: possible reduction in efficacy, advise alternative contraception.