Kloramfenikol Santen (Chloramphenicol)

Chloramphenicol ophthalmic solution is used to manage bacterial infections of the eye and related ocular tissues.

• Bacterial conjunctivitis: reduces bacterial load and accelerates resolution of redness and discharge.
• Bacterial keratitis: treats corneal infection caused by susceptible organisms, helping preserve vision.
• Blepharitis: controls bacterial overgrowth on eyelid margins, decreasing inflammation.
• Post‑operative ocular prophylaxis: prevents bacterial contamination after eye surgery.

• Chloramphenicol binds to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, blocking the peptidyl transferase activity and preventing peptide chain elongation. This inhibition of protein synthesis halts bacterial growth, producing a bacteriostatic effect at low concentrations and a bactericidal effect when concentrations are higher, targeting a wide range of Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative ocular pathogens.

Chloramphenicol ophthalmic may cause local and systemic adverse reactions.

Common Side Effects

• Eye irritation or burning sensation.
• Redness of the conjunctiva.
• Transient blurred vision.
• Itching or mild discomfort.
• Increased tear production.
• Temporary stinging after instillation.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis or severe ocular inflammation.
• Systemic bone‑marrow suppression including aplastic anemia (rare with topical use).
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis involving the eye.
• Severe hypersensitivity leading to swelling or ulceration.
• Vision‑threatening corneal ulceration if infection worsens.

When using Kloramfenikol Santen, consider the following precautions.

• Indication confirmation: ensure bacterial etiology before initiating therapy.
• Allergy assessment: avoid in patients with known hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol or other amphenicols.
• Systemic absorption: limit duration to the shortest effective course to reduce risk of systemic toxicity.
• Pregnancy and lactation: use only if benefits outweigh potential risks, as safety data are limited.
• Contact lens wearers: remove lenses before application and wait before reinserting.
• Store at room temperature: keep in original container, protect from light and moisture.

Chloramphenicol ophthalmic can interact with certain systemic and topical agents.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Systemic chloramphenicol: concurrent use may increase systemic exposure and risk of bone‑marrow suppression.
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: may potentiate hypotensive effects if systemic absorption occurs.
• Topical corticosteroids: may mask signs of infection and delay healing.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory eye drops: may increase ocular irritation when used together.
• Other ophthalmic antibiotics: simultaneous use can lead to antagonism or reduced efficacy.