Krovaneg (Lansoprazole)

Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that addresses conditions caused by excess gastric acid.

• Gastro‑oesophageal reflux disease (GERD): reduces acid exposure, relieving heartburn and regurgitation.
• Erosive esophagitis: promotes healing of inflamed esophageal tissue by lowering acid.
• Peptic ulcer disease: supports ulcer healing and prevents recurrence through acid suppression.
• Helicobacter pylori eradication: used in combination therapy to increase eradication rates by creating a less acidic environment.

• Lansoprazole selectively and irreversibly inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme (the gastric proton pump) located on the secretory surface of parietal cells. By blocking this final step of acid production, it markedly reduces basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, thereby increasing gastric pH and allowing mucosal healing in acid‑related disorders.

Lansoprazole may cause a range of adverse reactions, from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Headache: mild to moderate intensity.
• Diarrhoea: watery stools, usually transient.
• Nausea: occasional upset stomach.
• Abdominal pain or flatulence: discomfort in the upper abdomen.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis): rash, swelling, difficulty breathing.
• Clostridioides difficile infection: persistent diarrhoea with abdominal cramping.
• Liver enzyme elevation: signs of hepatitis such as jaundice.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis: severe skin reactions.
• Acute interstitial nephritis: kidney inflammation presenting with reduced urine output.

Before prescribing or dispensing Lansoprazole, consider the following safety measures.

• Assess renal function: adjust use in patients with severe renal impairment.
• Monitor hepatic status: use caution in liver disease and check liver enzymes periodically.
• Review concomitant drugs: be aware of interactions that may alter efficacy or safety.
• Limit long‑term therapy: prolonged use can increase risk of fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency, and hypomagnesemia.
• Pregnancy and lactation: safety data are limited; weigh benefits against potential risks.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and light.

Lansoprazole can affect the pharmacokinetics of several medicines; interaction severity varies.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Clopidogrel: reduced antiplatelet effect, increasing cardiovascular risk.
• Atazanavir: decreased absorption, leading to sub‑therapeutic antiviral levels.
• High‑dose methotrexate: increased toxicity due to reduced renal clearance.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Warfarin: possible increase in INR, requiring more frequent monitoring.
• Digoxin: may raise serum concentrations, necessitating dose adjustment.
• Diazepam: increased exposure, potentially enhancing sedative effects.