Lanobax (Lansoprazole)

Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric acid secretion and is indicated for several acid‑related gastrointestinal disorders.

• Gastro‑oesophageal reflux disease (GERD): alleviates heartburn and regurgitation by maintaining a higher gastric pH.
• Erosive oesophagitis: promotes healing of inflamed esophageal tissue caused by acid exposure.
• Peptic ulcer disease: supports ulcer healing and prevents recurrence by suppressing acid production.
• Helicobacter pylori eradication (in combination therapy): enhances the effectiveness of antibiotic regimens by creating a less acidic gastric environment.

• Lansoprazole irreversibly binds to the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme (gastric proton pump) located on the secretory surface of parietal cells. By inhibiting this final step of acid secretion, it markedly reduces both basal and stimulated gastric acid output, leading to an increased gastric pH and relief of acid‑related symptoms.

Lansoprazole is generally well tolerated, but some patients may experience adverse reactions.

Common Side Effects

• Headache: mild to moderate pain often resolves without intervention.
• Diarrhea: loose stools that may improve with continued therapy.
• Nausea: feeling of stomach upset, sometimes accompanied by vomiting.
• Abdominal pain: discomfort or cramping in the stomach area.
• Flatulence: increased gas production leading to bloating.
• Constipation: reduced bowel movements causing discomfort.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Clostridioides difficile infection: severe colitis presenting with watery diarrhea.
• Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis): rash, swelling, difficulty breathing requiring immediate medical attention.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome: rare skin disorder with blistering and mucosal involvement.
• Low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia): muscle cramps, seizures, or cardiac arrhythmias with prolonged use.
• Bone fracture risk: increased incidence of hip, wrist, or spine fractures with long‑term therapy.
• Liver enzyme elevation: signs of hepatic dysfunction such as jaundice or fatigue.

Before initiating therapy, consider the following precautions:

• Assess renal function: adjust use in patients with severe renal impairment.
• Monitor magnesium levels: prolonged treatment may cause hypomagnesemia.
• Evaluate liver disease: dose may need adjustment in hepatic impairment.
• Review allergy history: discontinue if signs of hypersensitivity appear.
• Discuss pregnancy and lactation: weigh potential benefits against risks with a healthcare professional.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and light.

Lansoprazole may alter the plasma concentrations of several co‑administered drugs.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Ketoconazole: reduced absorption leading to decreased antifungal efficacy.
• Atazanavir: markedly decreased exposure, compromising HIV treatment.
• Clopidogrel: diminished antiplatelet effect, increasing cardiovascular risk.
• Warfarin: potential increase in INR, requiring closer monitoring.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Digoxin: possible increase in serum levels, watch for toxicity.
• Methotrexate: elevated concentrations may enhance toxicity.
• Iron salts: decreased iron absorption, consider timing separation.