Latanoprost Agepha (Latanoprost)

Latanoprost is used to reduce intra‑ocular pressure in conditions affecting the eye’s fluid dynamics.

• Primary open‑angle glaucoma: reduces intra‑ocular pressure to slow optic nerve damage.
• Ocular hypertension: lowers elevated eye pressure to prevent progression to glaucoma.
• Secondary open‑angle glaucoma: helps control pressure when caused by other ocular conditions.
• Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma: decreases pressure associated with exfoliative material accumulation.
• Angle‑closure glaucoma (post‑laser iridotomy): may be used adjunctively to control pressure.

• Latanoprost is a synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F₂α that binds to FP receptors on the ciliary muscle and scleral tissue. Activation of these receptors remodels the extracellular matrix, enhancing uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor. The increased drainage lowers intra‑ocular pressure without affecting aqueous production, providing sustained pressure reduction after once‑daily topical administration. The effect begins within hours and can be maintained for 24 hours, allowing convenient once‑daily dosing.

Latanoprost may cause ocular and systemic reactions, most of which are mild and transient.

Common Side Effects

• Eye redness: transient hyperemia of the conjunctiva.
• Increased eyelash growth: longer, thicker lashes may develop.
• Iris pigmentation: gradual darkening of the iris color.
• Eye irritation: burning or stinging sensation after instillation.
• Blurred vision: temporary reduction in visual clarity.
• Foreign body sensation: feeling of something in the eye.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Increased intra‑ocular pressure: paradoxical rise requiring medical attention.
• Uveitis: inflammation of the uveal tract that may threaten vision.
• Corneal edema: swelling of the cornea leading to visual disturbance.
• Severe allergic reaction: swelling, itching, or rash around the eye.
• Persistent eye pain: may indicate underlying complication.
• Vision loss: rare but requires immediate evaluation.

Before prescribing Latanoprost, clinicians should evaluate patient history and monitor ocular response.

• Monitor intra‑ocular pressure: assess IOP regularly after initiation.
• Assess for ocular infection: avoid use in active conjunctivitis or keratitis.
• Use with caution in patients with a history of uveitis: may exacerbate inflammation.
• Avoid in patients with known hypersensitivity to prostaglandin analogues.
• Pregnancy and lactation: safety not established; weigh benefits and risks.
• Store at room temperature: keep in original container, protect from light and moisture.

Latanoprost can interact with other ophthalmic agents and systemic medications that affect intra‑ocular pressure.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Concurrent use of other prostaglandin analog eye drops: additive effect may increase side‑effects.
• Ocular surgery performed shortly after initiation: may impair wound healing.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Topical beta‑blockers: combined therapy may enhance pressure‑lowering effect; monitor IOP.
• Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: additive IOP reduction; adjust dosing as needed.
• Topical corticosteroids: may reduce efficacy of Latanoprost; observe pressure control.