Lemaxil (Levofloxacin)

Levofloxacin is a broad‑spectrum antibacterial used to manage infections of the respiratory, urinary and skin systems.

• Acute bacterial sinusitis: reduces symptoms and eradicates the causative bacteria.
• Community‑acquired pneumonia: provides bacterial clearance and clinical improvement.
• Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: eliminates uropathogens and relieves dysuria.
• Complicated urinary tract infections: treats resistant organisms in the upper urinary tract.
• Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: shortens disease duration and prevents complications.
• Skin and soft tissue infections: resolves cellulitis and related bacterial lesions.

• Levofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA supercoiling and replication. By binding to these targets, it prevents DNA synthesis and transcription, leading to bacterial cell death and a bactericidal effect against susceptible Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive organisms.

Levofloxacin may cause a range of adverse reactions, from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild gastrointestinal upset.
• Diarrhea: loose stools, often self‑limiting.
• Headache: transient cranial discomfort.
• Dizziness: occasional vertigo or light‑headedness.
• Rash: mild skin erythema or itching.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Tendon rupture: sudden pain or loss of function, especially in the Achilles tendon.
• QT prolongation: cardiac rhythm disturbances requiring monitoring.
• Severe hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis or Stevens‑Johnson syndrome.
• Peripheral neuropathy: numbness or tingling in extremities.
• Clostridioides difficile colitis: severe watery diarrhea with abdominal cramping.

Levofloxacin should be used with caution in specific clinical situations.

• Renal impairment: dose adjustment may be required based on renal function.
• History of tendon disorders: avoid use in patients with prior tendon injury.
• Cardiac arrhythmias: monitor QT interval in patients with known prolongation.
• Concomitant CNS stimulants: assess for increased risk of seizures.
• Pregnancy and lactation: use only if the potential benefit outweighs the risk.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25 °C, in the original container, protected from moisture and direct sunlight.

Levofloxacin can affect the activity of several co‑administered medicines.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Antacids containing aluminum or magnesium: markedly reduce levofloxacin absorption.
• Warfarin: may increase anticoagulant effect and bleeding risk.
• Theophylline: can raise plasma theophylline concentrations, leading to toxicity.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen): may increase risk of central nervous system stimulation.
• Diabetic agents (e.g., insulin, sulfonylureas): potential for hypoglycaemia.
• Corticosteroids: combined use may elevate tendon‑rupture risk.