Levofloksacin Lek (Levofloxacin Hemihydrate)

Levofloxacin is a broad‑spectrum antibacterial that targets a range of bacterial pathogens in various infection sites.

• Community‑acquired pneumonia: eradicates susceptible organisms causing lung infection.
• Acute bacterial sinusitis: reduces bacterial load in sinus cavities.
• Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: improves respiratory symptoms by eliminating pathogens.
• Uncomplicated urinary tract infection: clears infection in the urinary tract.
• Skin and soft‑tissue infections: treats susceptible Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative bacteria.

• Levofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, and repair. By binding to these enzymes, it prevents the supercoiling and unwinding of DNA, leading to bacterial cell death. This bactericidal action is effective against a wide spectrum of Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative organisms.

Levofloxacin may cause a range of adverse reactions, from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild to moderate stomach upset.
• Diarrhea: loose stools, sometimes watery.
• Headache: transient cranial discomfort.
• Dizziness: sensation of light‑headedness.
• Insomnia: difficulty falling or staying asleep.
• Abdominal pain: cramping or discomfort.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Tendon rupture: sudden pain, swelling, or loss of function.
• QT interval prolongation: risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
• Severe allergic reactions: rash, swelling, anaphylaxis.
• Clostridioides difficile infection: severe colitis.
• Peripheral neuropathy: numbness or tingling.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome: severe skin and mucous membrane reactions.

Levofloxacin requires careful consideration of patient factors and proper handling.

• Assess renal function: adjust dosing in impaired kidney function.
• Avoid in patients with known fluoroquinolone hypersensitivity: risk of severe reactions.
• Monitor for tendon pain: discontinue if signs of tendonitis or rupture appear.
• Use caution in patients with QT prolongation risk: avoid concomitant QT‑prolonging drugs.
• Avoid concomitant antacids containing magnesium or aluminum: may reduce absorption.
• Store at room temperature: keep in original container, protect from moisture and light.

Levofloxacin can interact with several medicines, affecting safety or efficacy.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Warfarin: increased anticoagulant effect, risk of bleeding.
• Theophylline: elevated serum levels, potential toxicity.
• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen): reduced levofloxacin absorption and increased GI risk.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Antacids containing magnesium/aluminum: may decrease levofloxacin bioavailability.
• Iron supplements: can reduce drug absorption.
• Corticosteroids: heightened risk of tendon rupture; monitor musculoskeletal symptoms.