Levonorgestrel Sandoz (Levonorgestrel)

Levonorgestrel acts on the hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle to prevent pregnancy.

• Emergency contraception: prevents pregnancy after unprotected intercourse when taken within the recommended time frame.
• Contraception (progestogen‑only pill): provides ongoing suppression of ovulation for routine birth control.
• Menstrual cycle regulation: can be used to manage timing of menstrual bleeding under medical supervision.

• Levonorgestrel binds to progesterone receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary, inhibiting the luteinizing hormone surge required for ovulation. It also induces changes in the cervical mucus and endometrial lining, making sperm penetration difficult and reducing the likelihood of implantation should fertilization occur.

Levonorgestrel is generally well tolerated, but adverse reactions can occur.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild to moderate stomach upset.
• Headache: transient tension‑type headache.
• Breast tenderness: temporary swelling or discomfort.
• Irregular bleeding: spotting or breakthrough bleeding.
• Fatigue: feeling unusually tired.
• Abdominal pain: mild cramping.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Thromboembolic events: deep‑vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
• Severe allergic reaction: rash, swelling, or anaphylaxis.
• Liver dysfunction: jaundice or elevated liver enzymes.
• Ectopic pregnancy: implantation outside the uterus if pregnancy occurs.
• Persistent high blood pressure: significant elevation requiring medical attention.

Before using Levonorgestrel, consider the following safety measures.

• Assess contraindications: history of thromboembolic disorders, liver disease, hormone‑sensitive cancers, or unexplained vaginal bleeding.
• Review medication history: ensure no interacting drugs that may reduce efficacy.
• Pregnancy testing: confirm non‑pregnant status before emergency use.
• Breastfeeding guidance: discuss potential effects with a healthcare professional.
• Storage: Store at ambient temperature below 25°C: keep in the original pack, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Levonorgestrel may interact with other medicines, altering its effectiveness.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Rifampin: induces metabolism, reducing contraceptive efficacy.
• Anticonvulsants (phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital): lower plasma levels of levonorgestrel.
• St. John’s Wort: herbal inducer that may compromise contraceptive protection.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Azole antifungals (ketoconazole, itraconazole): may increase levonorgestrel concentrations.
• Certain antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, metronidazole): possible modest reduction in effectiveness.
• Ginseng: may affect hormonal balance; monitor for breakthrough bleeding.