Lidocaína Aguettant (Lidocaine Hydrochloride)

Lidocaine is used to produce local anesthesia in a variety of clinical settings.

• Dental procedures: provides numbing of oral tissues for extractions, restorations, and periodontal work.
• Minor surgical procedures: enables analgesia for skin suturing, biopsy, and catheter insertion.
• Dermatologic procedures: facilitates painless removal of lesions, laser therapy, and intradermal injections.

• Lidocaine exerts its effect by reversibly binding to the intracellular portion of voltage‑gated sodium channels on neuronal membranes. This blockade prevents the influx of sodium ions during depolarization, thereby inhibiting the generation and propagation of nerve impulses and producing a localized loss of sensation in the treated area.

Adverse reactions to lidocaine are generally related to its local anesthetic properties and systemic absorption.

Common Side Effects

• Tingling or numbness at the injection site
• Mild burning or stinging sensation
• Redness or swelling of the skin
• Transient dizziness or light‑headedness

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Cardiovascular collapse or severe hypotension
• Cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia
• Central nervous system toxicity such as seizures or loss of consciousness

When using lidocaine, clinicians should observe several precautionary measures to minimize risk.

• Patient assessment: evaluate allergy history to amide‑type local anesthetics.
• Dose calculation: base total dose on patient weight and recommended maximum limits.
• Site monitoring: observe injection area for signs of prolonged numbness or tissue irritation.
• Cardiovascular monitoring: watch for changes in heart rate or blood pressure during large‑area blocks.
• Drug interactions: avoid concurrent use with class I antiarrhythmics or other sodium channel blockers.
• Store below 25°C: keep in original container, protect from moisture and light.

Lidocaine may interact with other medicines, altering its efficacy or safety profile.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Class I antiarrhythmic agents (e.g., quinidine, procainamide): additive cardiac conduction effects can cause severe arrhythmias.
• CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, erythromycin): may increase plasma lidocaine concentrations leading to toxicity.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Beta‑blockers (e.g., propranolol): can enhance lidocaine’s depressant effect on heart rate.
• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): may reduce plasma protein binding, raising free lidocaine levels.
• General anesthetics (e.g., propofol): may potentiate central nervous system depression.