Melatal (Melatonin)

Melatal is a melatonin receptor agonist used to treat sleep‑related conditions by influencing the body's circadian signaling.

• Insomnia: helps reduce sleep onset latency and improve sleep continuity in adults.
• Sleep‑wake rhythm disorders: assists in aligning the internal clock with desired sleep‑wake times.
• Jet lag: supports faster adjustment to new time zones after long‑distance travel.

• Melatonin acts as an agonist at the MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Activation of these G‑protein‑coupled receptors modulates intracellular signaling pathways that suppress nocturnal neuronal activity, thereby promoting sleep onset and synchronizing the endogenous circadian rhythm with the external light‑dark cycle.

Oral melatonin may be associated with a range of adverse reactions, most of which are mild and transient.

Common Side Effects

• Drowsiness: feeling of sleepiness during the day.
• Headache: mild to moderate head pain.
• Dizziness: sensation of light‑headedness.
• Nausea: mild stomach upset.
• Vivid dreams: unusually intense or memorable dreams.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Allergic reaction: rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
• Mood changes: depression or increased anxiety.
• Hormonal effects: menstrual irregularities in women.

When considering melatonin therapy, several precautionary measures should be observed to ensure safe use.

• Age limitation: use is generally recommended for adults; pediatric use should be under medical supervision.
• Underlying conditions: assess for depression, seizure disorders, or autoimmune diseases before initiating therapy.
• Medication review: evaluate concurrent use of anticoagulants, immunosuppressants, or sedatives.
• Pregnancy and lactation: avoid use unless benefits outweigh potential risks, as safety data are limited.
• Driving and machinery: refrain from operating vehicles or heavy equipment if drowsiness occurs.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25 °C, retain in original packaging, and protect from moisture.

Melatonin can interact with other medicines, altering their effects or increasing the risk of adverse events.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants/antiplatelet agents: may increase bleeding risk.
• Immunosuppressants: melatonin may reduce immunosuppressive efficacy.
• Central nervous system depressants: additive sedation.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Oral contraceptives: possible alteration of hormone levels.
• Antidiabetic drugs: melatonin may affect blood glucose control.
• CYP1A2 substrates: melatonin can inhibit metabolism, potentially raising drug levels.