Melatonin Pharma Nord (Melatonin)

Melatonin acts on the melatonin receptor system to address disorders of sleep regulation.

• Insomnia: reduces sleep onset latency and may improve overall sleep quality.
• Sleep‑wake rhythm disorders: helps synchronize circadian rhythms in shift‑work or delayed‑sleep‑phase conditions.
• Jet lag: supports faster adjustment of the internal clock after rapid time‑zone changes.

• Melatonin binds to MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, mimicking the endogenous hormone. Activation of these G‑protein‑coupled receptors modulates circadian signaling pathways, leading to a reduction in neuronal firing that promotes sleep onset and stabilises the sleep‑wake cycle.

Melatonin is generally well tolerated, but adverse reactions can occur.

Common Side Effects

• Headache: mild to moderate discomfort often resolving without treatment.
• Dizziness: transient sensation of light‑headedness.
• Daytime sleepiness: occasional residual drowsiness after dosing.
• Nausea: mild gastrointestinal upset.
• Vivid dreams: unusual or intense dreaming experiences.
• Mild stomach discomfort: transient abdominal unease.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Allergic reaction: rash, itching, or swelling that may require medical attention.
• Severe rash: widespread skin eruption indicating possible hypersensitivity.
• Depression: worsening mood in susceptible individuals.
• Seizures: rare neurologic events reported in isolated cases.
• Hallucinations: visual or auditory disturbances.
• Abnormal heart rhythm: irregular cardiac beats observed rarely.

When considering melatonin therapy, several safety measures are recommended.

• Assess renal function: adjust use in patients with severe kidney impairment.
• Avoid concurrent sedatives: increased risk of excessive drowsiness.
• Monitor daytime drowsiness: advise patients not to operate machinery if impaired.
• Use caution in shift‑workers: timing of dose may need adjustment.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original pack, protect from moisture.

Melatonin can interact with other medicines, influencing its efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Benzodiazepines: additive sedative effect may cause profound sleepiness.
• Antidepressants (SSRIs): may alter melatonin metabolism.
• Anticoagulants (warfarin): potential increase in bleeding risk.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Caffeine: may counteract melatonin’s sleep‑promoting action.
• Alcohol: can enhance sedative properties.
• Antihistamines: may increase drowsiness when combined.