Melatonin Unimedic Pharma (Melatonin)

Melatonin acts on melatonin receptors to regulate circadian rhythm and is used for sleep‑related disorders.

• Insomnia: helps initiate and maintain sleep in individuals with difficulty falling asleep.
• Jet lag: assists in adjusting the internal clock after rapid travel across time zones.
• Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: supports synchronization of sleep‑wake cycles in shift‑work or delayed sleep phase syndrome.

• Melatonin binds to MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, mimicking endogenous melatonin. This agonist activity modulates the circadian clock, reduces neuronal firing that promotes wakefulness, and facilitates the onset of sleep without directly depressing the central nervous system.

Melatonin may cause a range of adverse reactions, most of which are mild and transient.

Common Side Effects

• Drowsiness: feeling unusually sleepy during the day.
• Headache: mild to moderate head pain.
• Nausea: upset stomach or feeling queasy.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Allergic reaction: rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
• Mood changes: emergence of depression or anxiety.
• Hormonal effects: menstrual irregularities or changes in reproductive hormone levels.

When considering melatonin, several safety aspects should be reviewed.

• Assess need: evaluate whether short‑term use is appropriate for the patient.
• Review medical history: consider conditions such as epilepsy, depression, or autoimmune disease.
• Avoid driving: residual drowsiness may impair alertness.
• Pregnancy and lactation: discuss potential risks with a healthcare provider before use.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and light.

Melatonin can interact with other medicines, altering its effect or that of the co‑administered drug.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants: may increase bleeding risk.
• Immunosuppressants: may reduce their efficacy.
• CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g., fluvoxamine): can raise melatonin plasma levels.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Sedatives or CNS depressants: additive drowsiness.
• Oral contraceptives: may affect hormone metabolism.
• Antidiabetic drugs: possible alteration of glucose control.