Melatonin "vitabalans" Melatonin "vitabalans" (Melatonin)

Melatonin is used to address disorders of the sleep‑wake cycle and related circadian rhythm disturbances.

• Insomnia: supports sleep onset and maintenance in individuals with difficulty falling or staying asleep.
• Jet lag: assists adjustment of the internal clock after rapid east‑west travel across time zones.
• Shift work disorder: helps align sleep patterns for workers on non‑standard schedules.
• Delayed sleep phase syndrome: promotes earlier sleep timing in those with a significantly delayed circadian rhythm.

• Melatonin acts as an agonist at the MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. By binding these G‑protein‑coupled receptors, it mimics the endogenous hormone released in darkness, thereby signaling the body that night has begun, facilitating the initiation of sleep and synchronizing circadian rhythms.

Melatonin is generally well tolerated, but some users may experience adverse reactions.

Common Side Effects

• Headache: mild to moderate pain often occurring shortly after ingestion.
• Dizziness: transient sensation of light‑headedness.
• Daytime sleepiness: residual drowsiness if taken too late.
• Nausea: mild gastrointestinal discomfort.
• Irritability: occasional mood changes.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Allergic reaction: rash, itching, or swelling of the face, lips, or throat.
• Severe skin eruption: Stevens‑Johnson‑like presentation.
• Depression worsening: emergence or intensification of depressive symptoms.
• Hallucinations: visual or auditory disturbances.
• Seizures: rare occurrence, particularly in predisposed individuals.

When considering melatonin therapy, several safety aspects should be reviewed.

• Timing of administration: take in the evening, ideally 30‑60 minutes before desired bedtime.
• Underlying conditions: evaluate for depression, seizure disorders, or autoimmune diseases before use.
• Concomitant CNS depressants: monitor for additive sedation.
• Pregnancy and lactation: discuss potential risks with a healthcare professional.
• Pediatric use: ensure dosing is appropriate for age and weight.
• Store at ambient temperature below 25°C: keep in the original pack, protect from moisture and light.

Melatonin can interact with several medication classes, requiring attention to avoid adverse outcomes.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): may increase bleeding risk.
• Immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine): may reduce melatonin efficacy.
• Central nervous system depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines): additive sedation.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Oral contraceptives: may raise melatonin plasma levels.
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): potential alteration of melatonin metabolism.
• Antihypertensives: possible additive hypotensive effect.