Melatonine Biogaran (Melatonin)

Melatonin acts on the melatonin receptor pathway to address several sleep‑related conditions.

• Insomnia (sleep onset): Improves ability to fall asleep and reduces sleep latency.
• Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder: Shifts circadian timing to promote earlier sleep onset.
• Jet Lag: Helps synchronize the internal clock after rapid time‑zone travel.
• Shift Work Disorder: Supports adaptation to irregular work schedules.
• Non‑24‑Hour Sleep‑Wake Rhythm Disorder: Assists in aligning the sleep‑wake cycle with a 24‑hour day.

• Melatonin binds to MT1 and MT2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, mimicking the endogenous hormone. Activation of these G‑protein‑coupled receptors reduces neuronal firing during the night, promoting sleep initiation and stabilizing circadian rhythms. By modulating intracellular cyclic AMP and calcium signaling, melatonin influences downstream pathways that regulate melatonin‑dependent physiological processes. These actions collectively help reset the internal clock and facilitate a normal sleep‑wake pattern.

Melatonin is generally well tolerated, but some users may experience adverse reactions.

Common Side Effects

• Drowsiness: Excessive sleepiness during daytime.
• Headache: Mild to moderate head pain.
• Dizziness: Light‑headed sensation.
• Nausea: Stomach discomfort or queasiness.
• Vivid dreams: Unusual or intense dreaming.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Allergic reaction: Rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
• Mood changes: Depression or increased anxiety.
• Hormonal effects: Altered menstrual cycles in women.
• Blood pressure changes: Hypertension or hypotension.
• Severe abdominal pain: Persistent or worsening abdominal discomfort.

When considering melatonin therapy, certain precautions should be observed to ensure safe use.

• Pregnancy: Use only if clearly needed and prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Breastfeeding: Evaluate risk‑benefit; consult a physician before use.
• Children: Dose and duration should be determined by a pediatric specialist.
• Concomitant medications: Review potential interactions, especially with anticoagulants or CNS depressants.
• Underlying disorders: Caution in patients with epilepsy, depression, or autoimmune diseases.
• Store at ambient temperature: Keep below 25 °C, in the original container, protected from moisture and light.

Melatonin may interact with other medicines, altering its effectiveness or increasing risk of side effects.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): May increase bleeding risk.
• Immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine): Potential reduction in drug efficacy.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, alcohol): Additive sedative effect.
• Antidiabetic agents: May affect blood glucose control.
• Hormonal contraceptives: Possible alteration of hormone levels.
• Antihypertensives: May enhance blood pressure‑lowering effect.