Meralys Ha (Xylometazoline Hydrochloride)

Xylometazoline, an alpha‑adrenergic agonist nasal decongestant, acts on the nasal mucosal vasculature to relieve congestion.

• Common cold: reduces nasal blockage, eases breathing, and helps restore normal airflow during viral upper respiratory infection.
• Allergic rhinitis: alleviates swelling of the nasal mucosa, diminishes congestion, and improves nasal patency in response to allergen exposure.
• Environmental irritants: provides temporary relief of nasal congestion caused by exposure to smoke, dust, or pollutants.
• Post‑nasal surgery swelling: helps reduce mild congestion and improves breathing after nasal surgical procedures.

• Xylometazoline acts as a selective alpha‑adrenergic receptor agonist on the smooth muscle of nasal mucosal blood vessels. Stimulation of α1‑adrenergic receptors induces vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow and reduces edema of the nasal lining. The resulting narrowing of the vascular space lessens swelling, opens the nasal passages, and improves airflow. Its local action limits systemic absorption, providing rapid decongestion after intranasal administration.

Xylometazoline may cause local and systemic adverse reactions, most of which are mild and reversible.

Common Side Effects

• Nasal irritation: mild burning or stinging sensation in the nostrils.
• Dryness: reduced moisture leading to a dry nose.
• Sneezing: transient increase in sneezing episodes.
• Headache: mild headache following application.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Hypertension: significant rise in blood pressure, especially with overuse.
• Rebound congestion: worsening nasal blockage after prolonged use (>3 days).
• Cardiac arrhythmia: irregular heart rhythm in susceptible individuals.
• Severe allergic reaction: rare anaphylaxis with swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing.

Before using Xylometazoline nasal spray, consider the following precautions to ensure safe and effective treatment.

• Duration of use: limit application to no more than three consecutive days to avoid rebound congestion.
• Cardiovascular conditions: avoid use in patients with uncontrolled hypertension or severe heart disease.
• Glaucoma: contraindicated in individuals with narrow‑angle glaucoma.
• Pregnancy and lactation: safety not established; use only if clearly needed after professional assessment.
• Drug interactions: do not combine with other topical decongestants or systemic vasoconstrictors without medical guidance.
• Store at room temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Xylometazoline can interact with certain medicines, altering its effects or increasing the risk of adverse events.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): concurrent use may cause hypertensive crisis.
• Other nasal decongestants: combined vasoconstriction can lead to excessive blood pressure rise.
• Systemic sympathomimetics: may amplify cardiovascular stimulation.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Antihypertensive agents: nasal spray may reduce the effectiveness of blood pressure medications.
• Beta‑blockers: possible additive effects on heart rate and blood pressure.
• Antidepressants (e.g., tricyclics): may increase risk of cardiovascular side effects.