Metoprolol 100mg (Metoprolol Tartrate)

Metoprolol is a selective β1‑adrenergic blocker that acts on the cardiovascular system to control blood pressure and heart function.

• Hypertension: lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure by reducing cardiac output.
• Angina pectoris: relieves chest pain by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand.
• Post‑myocardial infarction: improves survival and reduces risk of recurrent events by limiting cardiac workload.
• Chronic heart failure: enhances ventricular performance and reduces symptoms of fluid overload.
• Cardiac arrhythmias: stabilizes heart rhythm by controlling heart rate.

• Metoprolol tartrate selectively antagonizes β1‑adrenergic receptors in cardiac tissue, blocking the actions of endogenous catecholamines. This inhibition reduces heart rate, myocardial contractility, and conduction velocity, leading to decreased cardiac output and lower arterial pressure. By lowering myocardial oxygen consumption, the drug protects the heart during ischemic episodes and supports ventricular function in heart failure.

Metoprolol may cause a range of adverse reactions, from mild discomfort to serious medical events.

Common Side Effects

• Fatigue
• Dizziness or light‑headedness
• Headache
• Cold hands or feet
• Nausea or mild gastrointestinal upset
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Severe bradycardia or heart block
• Marked hypotension
• Bronchospasm, especially in patients with asthma
• Depression or mood changes
• Allergic reactions such as rash, angioedema or anaphylaxis

Before prescribing Metoprolol, clinicians should evaluate several clinical factors to minimise risk.

• Cardiovascular assessment: obtain baseline heart rate and blood pressure.
• Respiratory conditions: use cautiously in asthma or COPD due to possible bronchoconstriction.
• Diabetes monitoring: β‑blockade may mask hypoglycaemia symptoms; monitor glucose closely.
• Renal or hepatic impairment: dose may need adjustment in reduced function.
• Concomitant AV‑node blockers: increased risk of profound bradycardia or heart block.
• Pregnancy and lactation: safety not established; weigh potential benefits against risks.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25 °C, retain in original packaging and protect from moisture.

Metoprolol can interact with other medicines, altering its effectiveness or safety profile.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Non‑selective β‑blockers: additive bradycardia and hypotension.
• Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil or diltiazem: heightened risk of AV block.
• Abrupt discontinuation of clonidine: may trigger rebound hypertension.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: may enhance hypotensive effect.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: additive blood pressure lowering.
• Insulin or oral hypoglycemics: β‑blockade can mask hypoglycaemia signs.