Metoprolol Onkogen (Metoprolol Tartrate)

Metoprolol Onkogen, a selective β1‑adrenergic blocker, is used in cardiovascular conditions that involve elevated heart rate or myocardial oxygen demand.

• Hypertension: reduces systolic and diastolic pressure by decreasing cardiac output and renin release.
• Angina pectoris: lowers myocardial oxygen demand, relieving chest pain during exertion.
• Acute myocardial infarction: improves survival by limiting infarct size and reducing arrhythmic risk.
• Chronic heart failure: enhances ventricular filling and reduces symptomatic congestion.
• Cardiac arrhythmias: controls ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

• Metoprolol Tartrate selectively antagonises β1‑adrenergic receptors on cardiac myocytes, inhibiting catecholamine‑induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase. This reduces intracellular cyclic AMP, leading to decreased calcium influx, slower sino‑atrial node firing, reduced myocardial contractility, and lower heart rate, ultimately diminishing cardiac output and oxygen consumption.

Adverse reactions may vary in frequency and severity.

Common Side Effects

• Fatigue: persistent tiredness during therapy.
• Dizziness: light‑headedness, especially on standing.
• Bradycardia: heart rate below normal limits.
• Headache: mild to moderate intensity.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Severe bradycardia: may require medical intervention.
• Hypotension: marked drop in blood pressure.
• Heart block: conduction disturbances that can be life‑threatening.
• Bronchospasm: especially in patients with reactive airway disease.
• Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, or anaphylaxis.
• Cardiogenic shock: profound cardiac failure requiring emergency care.

Careful monitoring and patient assessment are essential before and during therapy.

• Monitor blood pressure: check regularly to avoid hypotension.
• Assess heart rate: watch for bradycardia or excessive slowing.
• Evaluate respiratory status: caution in patients with asthma or COPD.
• Review concomitant drugs: avoid combining with other negative‑chronotropic agents without supervision.
• Adjust in renal impairment: dose may need modification based on renal function.
• Store at room temperature: keep in original container, protect from light and moisture.

Metoprolol may interact with several medicines, altering its efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Non‑selective beta‑blockers: additive bradycardia and hypotension.
• Calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem): profound AV‑node depression.
• Clonidine withdrawal: rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Antidiabetic agents: may mask hypoglycaemia symptoms.
• NSAIDs: can reduce antihypertensive effect of metoprolol.