Metronidazol Aurovitas (Metronidazole)

Metronidazole is indicated for a range of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and susceptible protozoa.

• Bacterial vaginosis: restores normal vaginal flora by eliminating anaerobic bacteria.
• Trichomoniasis: eradicates Trichomonas vaginalis, relieving symptoms and preventing recurrence.
• Amoebiasis: treats intestinal Entamoeba histolytica infection, reducing dysentery and tissue invasion.
• Giardiasis: clears Giardia lamblia from the gastrointestinal tract, alleviating diarrhea and malabsorption.
• Anaerobic bacterial infections: combats mixed anaerobic infections such as intra‑abdominal or pelvic infections.

• Metronidazole enters susceptible microorganisms by passive diffusion. In anaerobic cells, the nitro group is reduced by ferredoxin‑type proteins to generate reactive nitro radicals. These metabolites covalently bind to DNA, causing strand breakage and inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately leading to bacterial or protozoal cell death. The drug is selectively activated in low‑oxygen environments, sparing aerobic flora, and its metabolites also interfere with protein synthesis and membrane integrity.

Metronidazole may cause a range of adverse reactions, varying from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild stomach upset that may improve when taken with food.
• Metallic taste: a persistent metallic sensation in the mouth during therapy.
• Diarrhea: loose stools that can lead to dehydration if not managed.
• Headache: mild to moderate head pain that may fluctuate during treatment.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Seizures: convulsions that require immediate medical attention and discontinuation.
• Peripheral neuropathy: tingling, numbness or burning sensations in the hands or feet.
• Severe allergic reactions: rash, swelling, breathing difficulty or anaphylaxis.

Before initiating Metronidazol Aurovitas, clinicians should evaluate several safety considerations.

• Renal function: assess kidney performance and adjust dose if impairment is present.
• Hepatic function: monitor liver enzymes, especially in patients with pre‑existing liver disease.
• Alcohol consumption: advise patients to avoid alcohol due to a disulfiram‑like reaction.
• Central nervous system disorders: use cautiously in patients with seizure history or CNS disease.
• Neuropathy monitoring: watch for early signs of peripheral neuropathy during prolonged therapy.
• Store at below 25°C: keep in the original packaging, protect from moisture and heat.

Metronidazol Aurovitas can interact with several medicines, affecting efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Alcohol: may cause severe flushing, tachycardia and vomiting (disulfiram‑like reaction).
• Warfarin: potentiates anticoagulant effect, increasing bleeding risk.
• Lithium: can raise lithium levels, leading to toxicity.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Phenytoin: may reduce metronidazole concentrations, decreasing effectiveness.
• Cimetidine: can increase metronidazole plasma levels, heightening side‑effect potential.
• Carbamazepine: may lower metronidazole levels, requiring clinical monitoring.