Metronidazol Hikma (Metronidazole)

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa.

• Bacterial vaginosis: eradicates the anaerobic bacteria responsible for the condition, reducing symptoms.
• Trichomoniasis: eliminates the protozoan parasite, relieving vaginal discharge and irritation.
• Anaerobic bacterial infections: provides bactericidal activity against a broad range of anaerobes.
• Intra‑abdominal infections: controls polymicrobial infections following surgery or perforation.
• Pelvic inflammatory disease: treats mixed anaerobic infections contributing to PID.
• Clostridioides difficile infection: reduces toxin‑producing bacteria in the colon.

• Metronidazole is reduced within anaerobic microorganisms, converting its nitro group to reactive intermediates that bind to DNA. This causes strand breakage and inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, leading to cell death. The selective activation in low‑oxygen environments provides targeted antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria and susceptible protozoa.

Metronidazole may cause a range of adverse reactions, from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild to moderate upset stomach.
• Metallic taste: transient metallic sensation in the mouth.
• Headache: occasional throbbing or pressure headache.
• Diarrhea: loose stools that may be watery.
• Abdominal pain: cramping or discomfort in the abdomen.
• Dizziness: light‑headed feeling, especially when standing.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Seizures: rare neurologic events requiring immediate care.
• Peripheral neuropathy: tingling or numbness in extremities.
• Severe allergic reactions: anaphylaxis with rash, swelling, or breathing difficulty.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome: serious skin blistering and detachment.
• Neutropenia: marked reduction in white blood cells.
• Hepatic dysfunction: elevated liver enzymes or jaundice.

Before using Metronidazol Hikma, consider the following safety measures.

• Renal impairment: assess kidney function and adjust therapy if necessary.
• Hepatic dysfunction: monitor liver enzymes during treatment.
• Alcohol consumption: avoid alcohol to prevent a disulfiram‑like reaction.
• Pregnancy: prescribe only when benefits outweigh potential risks.
• Concurrent warfarin therapy: monitor INR closely for increased anticoagulation.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in original container, protect from moisture and light.

Metronidazol Hikma can interact with several medicines; awareness helps prevent complications.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Alcohol: may cause severe disulfiram‑like reaction.
• Warfarin: can increase anticoagulant effect, raising bleeding risk.
• Lithium: may raise lithium serum concentrations.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Cimetidine: may elevate metronidazole plasma levels.
• Phenobarbital: may reduce metronidazole efficacy.
• Bupropion: may increase seizure risk when combined.