Muphoran (Fotemustine)

Fotemustine alkylates DNA at the O6‑guanine position, creating cross‑links that block DNA replication and transcription. This damage leads to cell‑cycle arrest and apoptosis, especially in rapidly dividing cancer cells, while its ability to cross the blood‑brain barrier makes it useful for central nervous system tumors.

The dosing regimen for fotemustine is individualized and determined by the prescribing oncologist based on the patient’s condition, body surface area, and treatment protocol. Specific dose amounts and schedules should be obtained from the treating physician.

There is limited clinical data on the use of fotemustine during pregnancy or lactation, and animal studies suggest potential fetal harm. Consequently, it is generally contraindicated in pregnant or breastfeeding women, and effective contraception is recommended during treatment and for several weeks afterward.

To order Muphoran, submit an enquiry on the product page at gnhindia.com with the required quantity. GNH India works with hospitals, pharmacies and procurement teams worldwide, verifies trade or institutional credentials, and then provides pricing, availability, shipping details (including cold‑chain if needed) and the necessary import documentation.

Fotemustine is a third‑generation nitrosourea with higher lipophilicity, allowing better penetration of the blood‑brain barrier compared with earlier agents like carmustine. Compared with temozolomide, fotemustine often shows activity in temozolomide‑resistant gliomas but may have a higher incidence of hematologic toxicity, requiring closer blood‑count monitoring.

Muphoran should be stored at 2‑8 °C, protected from light, and kept in its original packaging. It must not be frozen or shaken. Before use, reconstitute according to the product label in a sterile environment and administer promptly.

Muphoran is supplied as a sterile injectable solution that is reconstituted and administered intravenously by a qualified healthcare professional. The infusion rate and total volume are determined by the prescribing physician and the product’s preparation instructions.

The most serious risks include severe bone‑marrow suppression leading to infection or bleeding, pulmonary toxicity such as interstitial pneumonitis, and hypersensitivity reactions that can progress to anaphylaxis. Patients should be monitored closely for signs of infection, respiratory difficulty, or allergic symptoms.

Fotemustine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to nitrosoureas, those with severe bone‑marrow failure, uncontrolled infections, or severe renal impairment. Caution is also advised for elderly patients and those receiving other myelosuppressive therapies.