Muse (Alprostadil)

Alprostadil is used within the prostaglandin class to address erectile dysfunction, a condition affecting male sexual performance.

• Erectile dysfunction: improves the ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for sexual activity.

• Alprostadil is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue that binds to prostaglandin receptors on smooth‑muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum. Activation of these receptors increases cyclic AMP, leading to relaxation of smooth muscle, vasodilation, and enhanced arterial inflow to the penis, thereby facilitating erection.

Alprostadil may cause a range of adverse reactions, most of which are mild and transient.

Common Side Effects

• Penile pain or discomfort
• Burning sensation in the urethra
• Light‑headedness or dizziness
• Headache
• Redness or erythema of the penis
• Vaginal discharge (if partner exposure occurs)

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Priapism lasting longer than four hours
• Severe hypotension or fainting
• Allergic reaction such as rash, itching, or swelling
• Penile fibrosis or scarring
• Infection at the administration site
• Cardiovascular events in high‑risk patients

Before using Alprostadil, certain safety considerations should be observed.

• Hypersensitivity: avoid if known allergy to alprostadil or prostaglandin analogues.
• Cardiovascular disease: use with caution in patients with recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina.
• Nitrate therapy: do not combine with nitrates due to risk of severe hypotension.
• Penile prosthesis: contraindicated in patients with an implanted penile prosthesis.
• Blood pressure monitoring: observe for sudden drops in blood pressure after administration.
• Store at room temperature: keep in original packaging, protect from moisture and direct light.

Alprostadil can interact with other medications that affect vascular tone or blood pressure.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Nitrates (e.g., nitroglycerin): additive vasodilatory effect may cause profound hypotension.
• Alpha‑blockers (e.g., tamsulosin): risk of excessive blood pressure reduction.
• Phosphodiesterase‑5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil): may increase risk of priapism.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Antihypertensive agents: monitor blood pressure for additive lowering.
• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): observe for increased bleeding risk at the urethral site.
• Other vasodilators (e.g., hydralazine): watch for synergistic hypotensive effects.