Natrijev Klorid Fresenius Kabi (Sodium Chloride)

Sodium Chloride injection is used to address disorders of fluid balance and electrolyte homeostasis.

• Fluid replacement: restores intravascular volume and maintains adequate tissue perfusion.
• Electrolyte replenishment: corrects sodium and chloride deficits in patients with losses due to surgery, diarrhea, or burns.
• Hyponatremia: raises serum sodium concentration to safe levels in acute or chronic low‑sodium states.

• Sodium Chloride injection provides exogenous Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions that directly increase extracellular sodium concentration, expanding plasma osmolarity and drawing water into the vascular compartment. The rise in osmotic pressure promotes fluid shift from the intracellular to the extracellular space, thereby expanding intravascular volume. This correction of sodium and chloride levels re‑establishes electrolyte balance and supports normal cellular function.

Sodium Chloride injection may be associated with a range of adverse reactions, varying from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Pain or irritation at the injection site.
• Phlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis.
• Mild hypernatremia.
• Mild hyperchloremia.
• Fluid overload in susceptible patients.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Severe hypernatremia leading to neurological symptoms.
• Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
• Pulmonary edema.
• Anaphylactic or severe allergic reactions.
• Electrolyte imbalance causing cardiac arrhythmia.

When using Sodium Chloride injection, clinicians should observe several precautionary measures to ensure patient safety.

• Assess patient’s baseline electrolyte levels: obtain serum sodium and chloride before administration.
• Monitor fluid status: watch for signs of overload, especially in heart or kidney disease.
• Adjust dose in renal impairment: reduce volume to avoid accumulation.
• Avoid rapid infusion in neonates: use controlled rate to prevent circulatory stress.
• Contraindicated in severe hypernatremia: do not administer if serum sodium is already markedly elevated.
• Store below 25°C: keep in original container, protect from moisture and light.

Sodium Chloride injection can interact with other medicines, requiring careful assessment.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Co‑administration with potassium chloride solutions: risk of hyperkalemia and cardiac arrhythmia.
• Use with other hypertonic saline preparations: may cause excessive sodium load.
• Simultaneous infusion with certain blood products containing citrate: can alter calcium balance.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Concurrent use of diuretics (loop or thiazide): may amplify electrolyte shifts.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: monitor renal function and serum electrolytes.
• NSAIDs: can affect renal perfusion and sodium handling.