Nitrofurantoin Mercury Pharma (Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate)

Nitrofurantoin interferes with bacterial carbohydrate metabolism by inhibiting key enzyme systems. This disruption impairs the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, leading to bactericidal activity against urinary pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Enterococcus species.

The dosage of nitrofurantoin is determined by the prescribing clinician based on the infection severity, patient renal function and local guidelines. Typical regimens range from 50 mg to 100 mg taken two to four times daily, but the exact schedule should be confirmed by a qualified healthcare professional.

Safety data for nitrofurantoin in pregnancy are limited. It is generally avoided in the first trimester and near term unless no suitable alternative exists. During breastfeeding, small amounts may be excreted in milk; the decision to continue therapy should be made by a physician weighing maternal benefit against potential infant exposure.

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Nitrofurantoin offers targeted activity against common urinary pathogens and has a low propensity for promoting resistance compared with some broad‑spectrum agents. Unlike trimethoprim‑sulfamethoxazole, it is not affected by sulfonamide allergies, and it avoids the tendon‑related risks associated with fluoroquinolones, though it requires adequate renal function for efficacy.

Store the tablets at room temperature, preferably below 25 °C, in the original blister pack or container. Protect them from moisture, direct sunlight and excessive heat to maintain potency. Do not refrigerate or freeze the product.

Nitrofurantoin is taken orally with a full glass of water. It may be taken with food or after meals to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush or chew unless specifically instructed by a healthcare professional.

Serious adverse events include pulmonary toxicity (which may present as cough, fever or shortness of breath), severe liver injury, hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency, and life‑threatening skin reactions such as Stevens‑Johnson syndrome. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience respiratory symptoms, jaundice, dark urine or widespread rash.

Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), known hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin or other nitrofurans, and individuals with glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency due to the risk of hemolysis. Caution is also advised for pregnant women, especially in the first trimester and near term, unless no alternative therapy is appropriate.