Nitroxolin Forte Mip Pharma Croatia D.O.O. (Nitroxoline)

Nitroxolin Forte is used to manage bacterial infections of the urinary system, targeting pathogens that cause cystitis and related conditions.

• Uncomplicated cystitis: reduces bacterial load and alleviates urinary symptoms.
• Recurrent urinary tract infection prophylaxis: helps prevent recurrence when used as a maintenance regimen.
• Kidney stone‑associated infection: assists in controlling infection secondary to calculi.

• Nitroxoline chelates divalent metal ions such as iron and magnesium, which are essential cofactors for bacterial enzymes. This chelation inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and other enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis, disrupts bacterial adhesion to the urinary epithelium, and ultimately impairs bacterial growth and colonisation.

Nitroxolin Forte may cause a range of adverse reactions, most of which are mild and reversible.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild to moderate upset stomach.
• Dyspepsia: discomfort or burning in the upper abdomen.
• Headache: transient mild headache.
• Dizziness: occasional light‑headedness.
• Abdominal pain: cramping or discomfort.
• Diarrhoea: loose stools.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Anaphylaxis: severe allergic reaction requiring immediate medical attention.
• Hepatic dysfunction: signs of liver injury such as jaundice.
• Blood dyscrasias: abnormal blood counts including neutropenia.
• Stevens‑Johnson syndrome: severe skin and mucous membrane reaction.
• Acute renal failure: sudden loss of kidney function.

Before prescribing Nitroxolin Forte, clinicians should consider several safety aspects.

• Assess renal function: adjust use in severe impairment.
• Monitor hepatic enzymes: discontinue if significant elevation occurs.
• Avoid in known hypersensitivity: stop the drug at first sign of allergic reaction.
• Use caution in pregnancy: risk category is unknown, weigh benefits against potential risks.
• Review concomitant medications: evaluate for possible drug interactions.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original pack, protect from moisture.

Nitroxolin Forte can interact with other medicines, requiring attention to avoid reduced efficacy or increased toxicity.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Metal ion supplements (iron, calcium, zinc): chelation reduces nitroxoline absorption.
• Anticoagulants (warfarin): may potentiate anticoagulant effect and increase bleeding risk.
• Probenecid: can raise plasma concentrations of nitroxoline.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs: may increase gastrointestinal irritation.
• Diuretics: potential alteration of electrolyte balance.