Noxtor (Ketotifen Hydrogen Fumarate)

Ketotifen is an antihistamine that works on mast‑cell mediated allergic pathways. It is indicated for several allergic disorders:

• Seasonal allergic rhinitis: reduces nasal congestion, itching and sneezing.
• Chronic idiopathic urticaria: decreases the frequency and severity of hives.
• Allergic conjunctivitis: alleviates eye itching and redness.
• Atopic dermatitis (adjunct therapy): helps control pruritus when used with topical treatments.
• Exercise‑induced bronchospasm prophylaxis: lessens airway narrowing during physical activity.

• Ketotifen stabilises mast cells and blocks histamine H1 receptors, preventing the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins. This dual action reduces vascular permeability and smooth‑muscle contraction, thereby limiting the allergic response in tissues like the nasal mucosa, skin and conjunctiva.

Ketotifen may cause a range of adverse reactions.

Common Side Effects

• Drowsiness: mild to moderate sedation, especially after the first doses.
• Dry mouth: reduced salivary flow causing a sticky feeling.
• Weight gain: modest increase in body weight over prolonged use.
• Gastrointestinal discomfort: nausea or mild abdominal cramps.
• Headache: transient tension‑type headache.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Hepatotoxicity: abnormal liver enzymes indicating possible liver injury.
• Hematologic abnormalities: eosinophilia or neutropenia.
• Severe skin reactions: Stevens‑Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.
• Cardiac arrhythmias: rare cases of palpitations or irregular heartbeat.
• Anaphylaxis: immediate hypersensitivity requiring emergency care.

When prescribing Ketotifen, clinicians should consider several safety aspects:

• Pregnancy: limited data; use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk.
• Breastfeeding: excreted in milk; weigh benefits to the infant against maternal need.
• Hepatic impairment: dose adjustment may be required; monitor liver function.
• Concomitant CNS depressants: may enhance drowsiness; advise caution with alcohol or sedatives.
• Driving and machinery: patients should be warned about possible sedation.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25°C, retain in original packaging, protect from moisture.

• Ketotifen can interact with other medicines, altering its effectiveness or safety profile.
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