Nurofenteen Menta (Ibuprofen)

Ibuprofen, an NSAID, is used to manage conditions involving pain, fever and inflammation.

• Pain: Provides relief from mild to moderate acute pain such as headache, dental pain, or musculoskeletal discomfort.
• Fever: Lowers elevated body temperature associated with infections or inflammatory processes.
• Inflammation: Reduces swelling and discomfort in conditions like arthritis or minor injuries.

• Ibuprofen exerts its effect by non‑selectively inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX‑1 and COX‑2) enzymes that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. By decreasing prostaglandin synthesis, it diminishes peripheral sensitization of nociceptors, lowers the hypothalamic set‑point for temperature regulation, and reduces vascular permeability, thereby alleviating pain, fever and inflammatory responses. The inhibition is reversible and dose‑dependent, providing a predictable pharmacodynamic profile across therapeutic doses.

Like all NSAIDs, ibuprofen may cause a range of adverse reactions, varying from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal upset: nausea, dyspepsia or mild abdominal discomfort.
• Headache: transient headache or dizziness.
• Skin reactions: mild rash or itching.
• Elevated blood pressure: slight increase in systolic or diastolic pressure.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastrointestinal bleeding: ulceration or hemorrhage in the stomach or intestines.
• Renal impairment: acute kidney injury or worsening of chronic kidney disease.
• Severe allergic reactions: anaphylaxis, angioedema or Stevens‑Johnson syndrome.

When using ibuprofen, certain precautions should be observed to minimize risks and ensure safe use.

• Contraindications: avoid use in patients with known hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or other NSAIDs.
• Cardiovascular risk: use cautiously in individuals with hypertension, heart failure or a history of thrombotic events.
• Gastrointestinal caution: consider protective measures for patients with a history of ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Renal function: monitor kidney function in patients with existing renal disease or dehydration.
• Pregnancy and lactation: consult a healthcare professional before use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep below 25 °C, protect from moisture, and retain in the original packaging.

Ibuprofen can interact with other medicines, altering their effectiveness or increasing the risk of adverse effects.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants: may enhance bleeding risk when combined with warfarin, heparin or direct oral anticoagulants.
• High‑dose aspirin: concurrent use can increase gastrointestinal toxicity and renal impairment.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: may reduce antihypertensive effect and affect renal function.
• Diuretics: combined use can potentiate renal adverse effects, especially in volume‑depleted patients.
• Lithium: ibuprofen may increase lithium serum concentrations, requiring monitoring.