Oversano (Ketorolac Trometamol)

Ketorolac trometamol is an NSAID used in the management of acute pain conditions.

• Post‑operative pain: provides rapid analgesia after surgical procedures, reducing the need for opioids.
• Acute musculoskeletal pain: alleviates pain from injuries or strain, improving mobility.
• Short‑term severe pain: offers effective relief for pain lasting no more than five days, such as renal colic or severe dental pain.

• Ketorolac trometamol exerts its analgesic effect by reversibly inhibiting cyclo‑oxygenase (COX‑1 and COX‑2) enzymes, which reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in inflammation, pain signaling, and fever. The decreased prostaglandin levels diminish peripheral sensitisation of nociceptors, leading to measurable pain relief without directly acting on central opioid receptors.

Ketorolac trometamol may cause a range of adverse reactions, most of which are dose‑related and reversible.

Common Side Effects

• Gastro‑intestinal discomfort: nausea, dyspepsia, or abdominal pain.
• Headache or dizziness: transient sensations of light‑headedness.
• Injection‑site reactions: mild pain, erythema, or swelling at the administration site.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Gastro‑intestinal bleeding or ulcer perforation: potentially life‑threatening hemorrhage.
• Severe hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, angioedema, or Stevens‑Johnson syndrome.
• Renal impairment: acute kidney injury, especially in patients with pre‑existing renal disease.

Ketorolac trometamol should be used with caution and under professional supervision.

• Renal function assessment: evaluate baseline kidney status before initiating therapy.
• Gastro‑intestinal risk: monitor for signs of bleeding or ulceration, especially in high‑risk patients.
• Cardiovascular caution: avoid in individuals with recent myocardial infarction or uncontrolled hypertension.
• Concomitant NSAIDs: do not combine with other non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs to limit toxicity.
• Pregnancy and lactation: contraindicated in the third trimester and not recommended during breastfeeding.
• Store at room temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Ketorolac trometamol can interact with several drug classes, altering efficacy or safety.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): increased risk of bleeding.
• Other NSAIDs or aspirin: additive gastrointestinal toxicity.
• SSRIs/SNRIs: heightened bleeding tendency.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: potential reduction in renal function.
• Lithium: increased lithium serum concentrations.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely)

• Diuretics: may exacerbate renal impairment.
• Methotrexate: reduced clearance leading to toxicity.
• Cyclosporine: enhanced nephrotoxic risk.
• Antihypertensives: possible attenuation of blood‑pressure‑lowering effect.
• Oral contraceptives: may reduce contraceptive efficacy.