Ozempic (Semaglutide)

Ozempic is a GLP‑1 receptor agonist indicated for metabolic conditions that involve glucose regulation.

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus: improves glycaemic control and lowers HbA1c levels.
• Cardiovascular risk reduction: decreases the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in adults with established cardiovascular disease.
• Weight management adjunct: used as an adjunct to diet and exercise to achieve weight loss in adults with obesity or overweight with at least one weight‑related comorbidity.

• Semaglutide binds to the glucagon‑like peptide‑1 (GLP‑1) receptor on pancreatic beta cells, enhancing glucose‑dependent insulin secretion while suppressing glucagon release. It also slows gastric emptying and promotes satiety through central nervous system pathways, contributing to lower post‑prandial glucose excursions and reduced appetite.

Adverse reactions to Ozempic vary in frequency and severity.

Common Side Effects

• Nausea: mild to moderate, often transient.
• Vomiting: may accompany nausea.
• Diarrhea: typically self‑limiting.
• Constipation: occasional.
• Abdominal pain: mild discomfort.
• Decreased appetite: reduced food intake.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Pancreatitis: severe abdominal pain with elevated enzymes.
• Acute kidney injury: sudden decline in renal function.
• Severe allergic reactions: rash, swelling, or anaphylaxis.
• Thyroid C‑cell tumours: potential risk, observed in rodent studies.
• Diabetic retinopathy complications: worsening of pre‑existing eye disease.
• Gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis or cholecystitis.

When prescribing Ozempic, clinicians should consider several safety aspects.

• Renal impairment: dose adjustment may be required.
• Gastrointestinal history: monitor for persistent nausea or vomiting.
• Thyroid disease: avoid in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
• Pregnancy: contraindicated ; discuss alternative therapy.
• Breastfeeding: not recommended ; weigh benefits and risk.

Store at 2-8°C: keep refrigerated    

• Ozempic may interact  with    other    medications.
• Major Interactions (Avoid):
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