Pabi-Dexamethason Adamed Pharma (Dexamethasone)

Dexamethasone is a broad‑acting corticosteroid that modulates inflammatory and immune pathways in several disease groups.

• Allergic reactions: Helps alleviate severe hypersensitivity symptoms such as airway swelling and skin edema.
• Autoimmune disorders: Suppresses aberrant immune activity in conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
• Cerebral edema: Reduces intracranial pressure associated with brain tumours or postoperative swelling.
• Dermatologic inflammation: Diminishes severe skin inflammation in conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.
• Oncology supportive care: Mitigates chemotherapy‑induced nausea, vomiting and hypersensitivity reactions.

• Dexamethasone binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors, forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus and regulates gene transcription. This action up‑regulates anti‑inflammatory proteins and down‑regulates pro‑inflammatory cytokines, leading to reduced leukocyte migration, decreased capillary permeability, and suppression of immune cell activation.

Dexamethasone may cause a range of adverse reactions, varying from mild to severe.

Common Side Effects

• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood glucose levels, especially in diabetic patients.
• Mood changes: Irritability, anxiety or insomnia.
• Gastrointestinal discomfort: Indigestion, nausea or abdominal pain.
• Fluid retention: Mild swelling of the ankles or hands.
• Skin thinning: Easy bruising or delayed wound healing.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Severe infection: Increased susceptibility to bacterial, fungal or viral infections.
• Adrenal insufficiency: Potential for life‑threatening cortisol deficiency on abrupt discontinuation.
• Osteoporosis: Accelerated bone loss leading to fractures.
• Psychiatric disorders: Psychosis, severe depression or mania.
• Vision problems: Central serous chorioretinopathy or cataract formation.

When prescribing dexamethasone, clinicians should evaluate patient‑specific factors and monitor for potential complications.

• Infection risk: Assess for active infections before initiating therapy.
• Blood glucose monitoring: Check glucose levels in diabetic or pre‑diabetic patients.
• Bone health: Consider calcium and vitamin D supplementation in long‑term use.
• Psychiatric assessment: Monitor mood and behavior changes.
• Gastro‑intestinal protection: Use prophylactic agents if ulcer risk is high.
• Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and light.

Dexamethasone can interact with several medicines, altering efficacy or safety profiles.

Major Interactions (Avoid)

• CYP3A4 inhibitors: Strong inhibitors such as ketoconazole may increase dexamethasone plasma levels.
• Live vaccines: Administration may reduce vaccine efficacy and increase infection risk.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely):

• Anticoagulants: May enhance anticoagulant effect and raise bleeding risk.\n- Antidiabetic agents : Potential to decrease glycemic control ‑ monitor glucose.
• Non‑stero­steroidal anti‑inflammatory NSAIDs : Additive risk of gastro‑intestinal bleeding.
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