Pamecil (Ampicillin)

Ampicillin is a broad‑spectrum penicillin used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria.

• Respiratory tract infections: helps eradicate pathogens causing pneumonia and bronchitis.
• Urinary tract infections: eliminates common uropathogens such as E. coli.
• Gastrointestinal infections: effective against Salmonella and Shigella species.
• Meningitis: used in combination therapy for bacterial meningitis caused by susceptible strains.
• Gonorrhoea: treats Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections when susceptibility is confirmed.

• Ampicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin‑binding proteins, which blocks the cross‑linking of peptidoglycan strands. This disruption weakens the cell wall, leading to osmotic lysis and bacterial death, particularly against actively dividing, gram‑positive and some gram‑negative organisms.

Adverse reactions to ampicillin vary from mild to severe and should be monitored during therapy.

Common Side Effects

• Diarrhea: mild to moderate watery stools.
• Nausea: occasional upset stomach.
• Rash: transient skin erythema.
• Headache: mild headache.
• Elevated liver enzymes: transient increase in ALT/AST.

Serious or Rare Side Effects

• Anaphylaxis: severe, potentially life‑threatening allergic reaction.
• Stevens‑Stevenson Davis syndrome (SJS) : rare cutaneous reaction with blister formation.
• Hemolytic anemia : immune‑mediated destruction of red cells.
• Nephritis : inflammation of the kidney tissue in rare cases.
• Clostridium difficile infection : potential overgrowth of C. diff due to flora disruption.

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